1
00:02:08,958 --> 00:02:12,755
>> Water is everything.

2
00:02:12,755 --> 00:02:17,207
The single most necessary
element for any of us to sustain

3
00:02:17,207 --> 00:02:23,282
and live and thrive is water.

4
00:02:23,282 --> 00:02:26,562
>> I grew up in the Mid-West

5
00:02:26,562 --> 00:02:29,288
and I have a father who'd
actually worked for industry

6
00:02:29,288 --> 00:02:31,429
and he used to sing
me songs all the time.

7
00:02:31,429 --> 00:02:35,260
Sometimes we'd be at the creeks
and he just make up little songs

8
00:02:35,260 --> 00:02:38,608
about see that lovely water, you
know, trickling down the spring,

9
00:02:38,608 --> 00:02:41,197
don't take it for granted,
someday it might not be seen.

10
00:02:41,197 --> 00:02:44,718
He promised me, in my lifetime

11
00:02:44,718 --> 00:02:49,205
that we would see water
become more valuable than oil.

12
00:02:49,205 --> 00:02:51,483
He said because there
will be so little of it.

13
00:02:51,483 --> 00:03:00,250
I think that time is here.

14
00:03:00,250 --> 00:03:03,184
>> It's the third week in
a row without any water.

15
00:03:03,184 --> 00:03:04,289
The army has been called

16
00:03:04,289 --> 00:03:06,705
in to protect the
capital's water pumps.

17
00:03:11,365 --> 00:03:15,334
>> There's been a lot
of talk about peak oil

18
00:03:15,334 --> 00:03:17,682
when the production
of oil reaches a peak

19
00:03:17,682 --> 00:03:20,892
and then inevitably
starts to decline.

20
00:03:20,892 --> 00:03:23,446
Like peak oil, there
is peak water.

21
00:03:23,446 --> 00:03:26,553
We're reaching the
limits of what we can use.

22
00:03:26,553 --> 00:03:29,314
>> Once the fourth largest
freshwater lake in the world,

23
00:03:29,314 --> 00:03:30,798
the Aral Sea has been diminished

24
00:03:30,798 --> 00:03:33,629
to about one tenth
its original size.

25
00:03:33,629 --> 00:03:38,116
>> The levels in Brazil's
Amazon region reach record lows.

26
00:03:38,116 --> 00:03:39,635
>> Spain is the grip of drought.

27
00:03:39,635 --> 00:03:42,672
>> The drought ravaging China's
southwest is being called the

28
00:03:42,672 --> 00:03:43,501
worst --

29
00:03:43,501 --> 00:03:44,329
>> -- the worst in 40 years.

30
00:03:44,329 --> 00:03:45,986
>> Worst drought in 70 years.

31
00:03:45,986 --> 00:03:47,643
>> -- The worst in the century.

32
00:03:47,643 --> 00:03:50,162
>> Every region of the world
is facing water problems

33
00:03:50,162 --> 00:03:52,648
from China to the Middle East.

34
00:03:52,648 --> 00:03:55,651
>> Half the world's hospital
beds are occupied by patients

35
00:03:55,651 --> 00:03:57,929
with water-borne diseases.

36
00:03:57,929 --> 00:04:01,519
>> By 2025, half of the
world's population will not have

37
00:04:01,519 --> 00:04:02,727
adequate access to water.

38
00:04:02,727 --> 00:04:06,834
I mean, it could
not be more serious.

39
00:04:06,834 --> 00:04:09,630
>> We've seen what happens
in other parts of the world

40
00:04:09,630 --> 00:04:15,256
and we just always think
that never can be me.

41
00:04:15,256 --> 00:04:17,535
It already is you.

42
00:04:17,535 --> 00:04:19,019
>> Why so serious.

43
00:04:19,019 --> 00:04:23,886
So raise your glass
if you are wrong,

44
00:04:23,886 --> 00:04:27,717
in all the right
ways, all my underdogs

45
00:04:27,717 --> 00:04:31,514
we will never, never
be anything but loud.

46
00:04:31,514 --> 00:04:33,274
>> I know it's a
surprise to some people

47
00:04:33,274 --> 00:04:34,759
that there is a crisis.

48
00:04:34,759 --> 00:04:37,451
But the reality is
in the United States,

49
00:04:37,451 --> 00:04:39,557
we Americans are spoiled.

50
00:04:39,557 --> 00:04:41,420
We have the biggest water
footprint in the world.

51
00:04:41,420 --> 00:04:43,561
>> Raise your glass.

52
00:04:43,561 --> 00:04:47,323
Won't you come on and come
on, and raise your glass.

53
00:04:47,323 --> 00:04:51,361
Just come on and come
on and raise your glass.

54
00:04:51,361 --> 00:04:55,089
Won't you come on and come
on and raise your glass.

55
00:04:55,089 --> 00:05:00,854
>> When there's a water problem,
the ripple effect is enormous.

56
00:05:00,854 --> 00:05:03,546
Downstream, the water
finds its way to you

57
00:05:03,546 --> 00:05:09,000
and it definitely
rocks the boat.

58
00:05:09,000 --> 00:05:11,278
>> Oh shit, my glass is empty,

59
00:05:11,278 --> 00:05:12,693
that sucks.

60
00:05:28,260 --> 00:05:30,918
>> People love water, especially

61
00:05:30,918 --> 00:05:35,889
when it's 118 degrees
outside in the summer.

62
00:05:35,889 --> 00:05:40,756
We sell virtual reality.

63
00:05:40,756 --> 00:05:44,829
People come to Las Vegas
to escape their reality.

64
00:05:44,829 --> 00:05:50,248
And part of that is the
cooling sensation of fountains,

65
00:05:50,248 --> 00:05:53,044
it looks like prolific waste.

66
00:05:53,044 --> 00:05:54,873
What they don't understand is

67
00:05:54,873 --> 00:05:59,568
that the entire Las Vegas
strip uses 3 percent

68
00:05:59,568 --> 00:06:01,293
of this community's water supply

69
00:06:01,293 --> 00:06:06,298
and is the single largest
contributor this state's

70
00:06:06,298 --> 00:06:10,924
economic product.

71
00:06:10,924 --> 00:06:13,616
>> We see growth every
time it snows in Buffalo

72
00:06:13,616 --> 00:06:19,035
and water consumption all of
a sudden began skyrocketing.

73
00:06:19,035 --> 00:06:22,073
>> The amazing thing about
Vegas is that it refuses

74
00:06:22,073 --> 00:06:26,940
to let the lack of water
constrain its growth.

75
00:06:26,940 --> 00:06:29,252
Las Vegas has built
housing developments

76
00:06:29,252 --> 00:06:33,843
as large as San Francisco.

77
00:06:33,843 --> 00:06:36,708
They never worried about
water because right next door

78
00:06:36,708 --> 00:06:41,333
to Vegas is Hoover Dam and
behind Hoover Dam is Lake Mead,

79
00:06:41,333 --> 00:06:43,715
the largest reservoir
in the country.

80
00:06:49,479 --> 00:06:51,827
>> Hoover Dam and its
power plant serve water

81
00:06:51,827 --> 00:06:55,002
and power needs in
California, Nevada and Arizona.

82
00:06:55,002 --> 00:06:59,628
>> When it was built, Hoover
Dam and Lake Mead were going

83
00:06:59,628 --> 00:07:03,252
to save the west forever.

84
00:07:03,252 --> 00:07:06,289
>> Colorado River waters
that once destroyed man

85
00:07:06,289 --> 00:07:10,708
and his property now serve him.

86
00:07:21,235 --> 00:07:23,099
>> You don't have to be
a scientist to understand

87
00:07:23,099 --> 00:07:26,275
that if you take more water
out of the bathtub than you put

88
00:07:26,275 --> 00:07:28,933
in to the bathtub, the bathtub
will eventually go empty.

89
00:07:28,933 --> 00:07:33,420
The elevation has been
dropping 10 feet every year.

90
00:07:33,420 --> 00:07:36,388
Today, it's only
about 40 percent full.

91
00:07:36,388 --> 00:07:39,564
We're measuring 1086.

92
00:07:39,564 --> 00:07:45,156
>> Las Vegas will lose our
upper intake at elevation 1050.

93
00:07:45,156 --> 00:07:50,368
1050 will be a wakeup
call because at 1050,

94
00:07:50,368 --> 00:07:54,752
Hoover Dam stops
generating electricity.

95
00:07:54,752 --> 00:07:57,030
>> You've only got
36 feet to go.

96
00:07:57,030 --> 00:07:58,307
That's four years.

97
00:07:58,307 --> 00:08:04,071
>> No one ever imagined
that that was possible.

98
00:08:04,071 --> 00:08:10,112
In my mind, it's not a question
of if, it's a question of when.

99
00:08:10,112 --> 00:08:12,597
>> In our original work,
we looked at the situation

100
00:08:12,597 --> 00:08:14,323
where the lakes go dry,
actually dead pool.

101
00:08:14,323 --> 00:08:19,466
By 2025, we could've reached
that with the probability

102
00:08:19,466 --> 00:08:22,158
about 50 percent
and we were shocked.

103
00:08:22,158 --> 00:08:27,577
>> When I think of
water, I think of it

104
00:08:27,577 --> 00:08:29,234
as giant milkshake glass.

105
00:08:29,234 --> 00:08:35,378
And I think of each demand for
water as a straw in a glass.

106
00:08:35,378 --> 00:08:36,621
>> With the amount
of water being taken

107
00:08:36,621 --> 00:08:39,555
out of the Colorado system
is maxed out right now,

108
00:08:39,555 --> 00:08:41,488
and yet there's going
to be less.

109
00:08:41,488 --> 00:08:44,905
>> If we don't do anything,

110
00:08:44,905 --> 00:08:47,770
Las Vegas is a dead
city, period, full stop.

111
00:08:47,770 --> 00:08:53,914
>> They are proposing to build
a 3 billion dollar pipeline,

112
00:08:53,914 --> 00:08:57,573
250 miles long to
draw water out of one

113
00:08:57,573 --> 00:08:59,817
of the last oases in Nevada.

114
00:08:59,817 --> 00:09:03,890
>> This is a project
out of sheer desperation

115
00:09:03,890 --> 00:09:06,685
because there's nothing
else available.

116
00:09:24,013 --> 00:09:25,981
>> If I get the water
line in here,

117
00:09:25,981 --> 00:09:31,538
it'll just turn into
a dust bowl.

118
00:09:31,538 --> 00:09:34,679
>> If you haven't got
any water, you're done.

119
00:09:34,679 --> 00:09:39,166
If they take that,
where do I go?

120
00:09:39,166 --> 00:09:41,720
I'm done. And my kids are done.

121
00:09:48,866 --> 00:09:50,074
>> This is Goliath
Water.

122
00:09:50,074 --> 00:09:58,634
He's from Southern Nevada
and he wants your water.

123
00:09:58,634 --> 00:10:00,256
>> The very people
you wouldn't hurt

124
00:10:00,256 --> 00:10:03,846
if they were your neighbors,
you'll fight to the death

125
00:10:03,846 --> 00:10:06,435
over a glass of water.

126
00:10:06,435 --> 00:10:09,748
>> This project may
succeed over my dead body.

127
00:10:13,925 --> 00:10:15,616
>> Can you afford
not to build it.

128
00:10:15,616 --> 00:10:18,205
Are you willing to put
your family at risk?

129
00:10:18,205 --> 00:10:19,689
That's what it gets down to.

130
00:10:19,689 --> 00:10:20,552
>> This pipeline.

131
00:10:20,552 --> 00:10:21,484
It's going to be
built, isn't it?

132
00:10:21,484 --> 00:10:23,314
>> There is no option.

133
00:10:23,314 --> 00:10:25,178
So am I supposed to
sit here and say,

134
00:10:25,178 --> 00:10:27,766
"The fate of 2 million
people doesn't matter to me,

135
00:10:27,766 --> 00:10:29,285
they're just going
to have to live

136
00:10:29,285 --> 00:10:31,978
with whatever Mother
Nature decides to dole out."

137
00:10:31,978 --> 00:10:34,704
That is about as
irresponsible a statement

138
00:10:34,704 --> 00:10:37,328
as I've ever heard
someone come up with.

139
00:10:37,328 --> 00:10:38,881
>> The way the city
was developed,

140
00:10:38,881 --> 00:10:40,538
the way it was planned,

141
00:10:40,538 --> 00:10:43,127
politicians just let people
build whatever the heck

142
00:10:43,127 --> 00:10:44,542
they wanted.

143
00:10:44,542 --> 00:10:47,096
>> If you want to say it should
never have happened, well,

144
00:10:47,096 --> 00:10:50,203
the cows have left the barn.

145
00:10:50,203 --> 00:10:54,172
>> If Las Vegas is going to keep
growing, they'll take this water

146
00:10:54,172 --> 00:10:57,313
and then they'll still
run out of water.

147
00:10:57,313 --> 00:10:59,660
>> It's easy to point
the finger at Vegas.

148
00:10:59,660 --> 00:11:01,283
But when you look at
the future of growth

149
00:11:01,283 --> 00:11:04,631
in water, we are all Vegas.

150
00:11:04,631 --> 00:11:08,221
>> When we get hit, Phoenix gets
hit, and Los Angeles gets hit.

151
00:11:08,221 --> 00:11:11,362
>> The mighty Rio Grande, now
nothing more than a dirt road.

152
00:11:11,362 --> 00:11:14,020
>> People in Atlanta are
actually praying for rain.

153
00:11:14,020 --> 00:11:16,263
>> Lake Superior is
said to be disappearing.

154
00:11:16,263 --> 00:11:19,266
>> Thirty-six US states
face water shortages

155
00:11:19,266 --> 00:11:21,751
in the next three years.

156
00:11:29,794 --> 00:11:34,661
>> Junior, it's time for you
to visit your mother earth.

157
00:11:34,661 --> 00:11:38,768
>> Oh pop, let me
stay here with you.

158
00:11:44,533 --> 00:11:48,192
>> When we think of water,
we think of it as the air.

159
00:11:48,192 --> 00:11:50,435
Infinite and inexhaustible.

160
00:11:50,435 --> 00:11:56,821
>> This is the cycle of water
by which all life survives.

161
00:11:56,821 --> 00:12:00,135
>> All the water there
ever was still is.

162
00:12:00,135 --> 00:12:04,518
We are drinking the same water
that the dinosaurs drank.

163
00:12:04,518 --> 00:12:08,281
So how can it possibly be a
problem with the water supply?

164
00:12:08,281 --> 00:12:11,767
>> Turn the faucet
and there is water

165
00:12:11,767 --> 00:12:16,116
at any hour of the day or night.

166
00:12:16,116 --> 00:12:19,223
>> The resource is renewable.

167
00:12:19,223 --> 00:12:21,777
That's the beauty of
the hydrologic cycle.

168
00:12:21,777 --> 00:12:25,781
But when you use such quantities
that it exceeds the capacity

169
00:12:25,781 --> 00:12:29,750
of the system to renew itself,
then you have a problem.

170
00:12:29,750 --> 00:12:32,788
>> You know, I used to think

171
00:12:32,788 --> 00:12:35,480
that it might be impossible
to run out of water.

172
00:12:35,480 --> 00:12:40,278
There's a lot of
water on the earth.

173
00:12:40,278 --> 00:12:43,557
But less than 1 percent is
freshwater that's available

174
00:12:43,557 --> 00:12:45,111
to drink.

175
00:12:45,111 --> 00:12:48,562
There are places that could
actually run out of water

176
00:12:48,562 --> 00:12:51,703
and California is one of them.

177
00:13:00,229 --> 00:13:03,543
When I would drive
through the Central Valley,

178
00:13:03,543 --> 00:13:07,133
I'd see all these
signs about water.

179
00:13:07,133 --> 00:13:11,102
That's actually how
I get interested

180
00:13:11,102 --> 00:13:13,967
in studying the valley
was by seeing those signs

181
00:13:13,967 --> 00:13:17,074
and then trying to
understand what was going on.

182
00:13:17,074 --> 00:13:21,733
I really had no idea that I was
opening such a Pandora's Box.

183
00:13:26,255 --> 00:13:29,845
>> For California's valley,
a good supply of water all

184
00:13:29,845 --> 00:13:32,572
through the year has
changed a worthless desert

185
00:13:32,572 --> 00:13:34,367
into productive farmland.

186
00:13:34,367 --> 00:13:36,679
>> Back in the '30s,
the government turned

187
00:13:36,679 --> 00:13:37,887
on the tap for the farmers.

188
00:13:37,887 --> 00:13:41,753
The Central Valley
produces about 25 percent

189
00:13:41,753 --> 00:13:43,617
of the food consumed
in the United States.

190
00:13:43,617 --> 00:13:47,276
We now have about 7
million irrigated acres.

191
00:13:47,276 --> 00:13:52,178
We're stretching a limited
resource to its limits.

192
00:13:52,178 --> 00:13:56,699
It really is a giant
can of worms.

193
00:14:13,302 --> 00:14:15,580
>> These almonds
are being removed

194
00:14:15,580 --> 00:14:17,306
because of the lack of water.

195
00:14:17,306 --> 00:14:21,069
I had to walk away, yeah.

196
00:14:21,069 --> 00:14:22,173
I knew it was coming,

197
00:14:22,173 --> 00:14:27,109
but I couldn't take the
hardship to watch, yeah.

198
00:14:27,109 --> 00:14:28,628
Certainly, it's heartbreaking.

199
00:14:28,628 --> 00:14:32,183
When I was out here putting the
trees in the ground 23 years ago

200
00:14:32,183 --> 00:14:35,738
and now we've had the rug
pulled up from under us.

201
00:14:41,330 --> 00:14:46,163
>> Some people say, "This is
the first instance of people

202
00:14:46,163 --> 00:14:52,617
in the United States turning on
the tap and not getting water."

203
00:14:52,617 --> 00:14:55,793
>> West Valley farmers will
not get any federal water

204
00:14:55,793 --> 00:14:57,035
this season.

205
00:14:57,035 --> 00:14:59,555
>> That decision is a
result of less water pumping

206
00:14:59,555 --> 00:15:03,007
to protect fish populations
in Northern California.

207
00:15:03,007 --> 00:15:04,215
>> The Central Valley

208
00:15:04,215 --> 00:15:06,873
of California was once
considered the bread basket

209
00:15:06,873 --> 00:15:08,116
of America.

210
00:15:08,116 --> 00:15:10,497
But now, farms all over that
region have been allowed

211
00:15:10,497 --> 00:15:11,533
to dry up.

212
00:15:11,533 --> 00:15:14,467
Now why? Because of
a two-inch minnow

213
00:15:14,467 --> 00:15:16,365
on the endangered species list.

214
00:15:16,365 --> 00:15:18,954
>> Where I come from,
we call that bait.

215
00:15:20,162 --> 00:15:22,440
>> Somebody has got to
turn the water back on --

216
00:15:22,440 --> 00:15:24,960
>> Either that or put us on
the endangered species list.

217
00:15:24,960 --> 00:15:28,205
You're going to
get your vegetables from China

218
00:15:28,205 --> 00:15:31,208
and I understand they made
great baby milk formula.

219
00:15:31,208 --> 00:15:32,381
>> By the way, be sure to check

220
00:15:32,381 --> 00:15:34,038
out Sean Hannity's new
children's book, One Fish,

221
00:15:34,038 --> 00:15:37,110
Two Fish, Red Fish, boo!

222
00:15:37,110 --> 00:15:39,354
Boo fish.

223
00:15:39,354 --> 00:15:44,566
>> It's been convenient for
certain politicians to say,

224
00:15:44,566 --> 00:15:46,499
"Look, we're hurting people.

225
00:15:46,499 --> 00:15:50,019
Why should we protect
this little fish

226
00:15:50,019 --> 00:15:51,987
at the expense of people?"

227
00:15:51,987 --> 00:15:53,644
But that's wrong.

228
00:15:53,644 --> 00:15:57,303
The Delta smelt is a small
insignificant little fish.

229
00:15:57,303 --> 00:15:59,684
But it's not insignificant

230
00:15:59,684 --> 00:16:03,171
if you realize the delta
smelt is just a symbol

231
00:16:03,171 --> 00:16:04,931
of a much bigger problem.

232
00:16:04,931 --> 00:16:07,899
It's a symbol of an
ecosystem that's collapsing.

233
00:16:07,899 --> 00:16:12,041
>> The water for the Central
Valley comes from the Sierras.

234
00:16:12,041 --> 00:16:14,561
It ends up in the Bay Delta.

235
00:16:14,561 --> 00:16:17,254
>> This is the greatest
estuary on the West Coast

236
00:16:17,254 --> 00:16:19,497
and we've allowed it to crash.

237
00:16:19,497 --> 00:16:21,706
All of the fish, it's
not only the salmon,

238
00:16:21,706 --> 00:16:24,744
it's not only the Delta smelt,
it's going to impact everything.

239
00:16:24,744 --> 00:16:30,750
It's going to impact the people.

240
00:16:30,750 --> 00:16:34,202
The last two seasons, we
didn't have any salmon

241
00:16:34,202 --> 00:16:35,858
fishing whatsoever.

242
00:16:35,858 --> 00:16:37,550
You know, we still sell
fish but we bring it

243
00:16:37,550 --> 00:16:42,831
in from someplace else.

244
00:16:42,831 --> 00:16:48,077
We could see the absolute demise
of salmon here in California.

245
00:16:48,077 --> 00:16:52,323
We fishermen have to speak up.

246
00:16:52,323 --> 00:16:55,015
We've become politicians
and activists.

247
00:16:55,015 --> 00:16:58,329
>> No water for the farmers
because of this fish.

248
00:16:58,329 --> 00:16:59,261
>> Boo!

249
00:16:59,261 --> 00:17:02,782
>> Yeah, that fish.

250
00:17:02,782 --> 00:17:04,508
>> California in many
ways is the epitome

251
00:17:04,508 --> 00:17:05,923
of the global water problem.

252
00:17:05,923 --> 00:17:06,510
>> We need water!

253
00:17:06,510 --> 00:17:08,132
We need water!

254
00:17:08,132 --> 00:17:10,652
>> We love water!

255
00:17:10,652 --> 00:17:12,654
>> The truth is there's
not enough water

256
00:17:12,654 --> 00:17:17,417
to do everything
everybody wants.

257
00:17:17,417 --> 00:17:19,143
>> Farmers use most
of the water.

258
00:17:19,143 --> 00:17:22,698
That's about 80 percent
in most states.

259
00:17:22,698 --> 00:17:26,737
In some western states,
it's as high as 90 percent.

260
00:17:26,737 --> 00:17:29,222
So when we want to talk
about the future of water,

261
00:17:29,222 --> 00:17:31,155
we have to talk about farm use.

262
00:17:31,155 --> 00:17:34,227
>> The people that have
taken the water away

263
00:17:34,227 --> 00:17:36,056
from us have told us,
"Well, your solution is

264
00:17:36,056 --> 00:17:38,335
to turn to groundwater."

265
00:17:38,335 --> 00:17:42,442
So I ask them, "Is it going to
be on your watch that we now dry

266
00:17:42,442 --> 00:17:46,998
up all the groundwater source
in the San Joaquin Valley?"

267
00:17:46,998 --> 00:17:50,899
Hard decisions, aren't they?

268
00:17:50,899 --> 00:17:54,109
>> The water that gets
deep into the ground stores

269
00:17:54,109 --> 00:17:57,733
up as a subterranean treasure.

270
00:17:57,733 --> 00:18:01,979
>> Farmers have had their
surface water cut way, way back.

271
00:18:01,979 --> 00:18:06,501
And so, the logical thing to
do then is to pump groundwater.

272
00:18:06,501 --> 00:18:09,676
>> All around the United
Sates, the water table

273
00:18:09,676 --> 00:18:14,094
in the aquifers is going down
and it took in many places,

274
00:18:14,094 --> 00:18:16,925
thousands of years for
this water to accumulate

275
00:18:16,925 --> 00:18:18,720
in the aquifers and yet,

276
00:18:18,720 --> 00:18:21,447
we're going through
it in mere decades.

277
00:18:21,447 --> 00:18:24,898
>> For many years,
I've been working

278
00:18:24,898 --> 00:18:27,038
with a satellite called GRACE.

279
00:18:27,038 --> 00:18:34,770
If you are looking at an area
that's had a big mass change,

280
00:18:34,770 --> 00:18:37,428
say from groundwater
depletion, GRACE can see

281
00:18:37,428 --> 00:18:40,604
that because the
mass change is so big

282
00:18:40,604 --> 00:18:45,781
that it's actually
sensed by the satellites.

283
00:18:45,781 --> 00:18:49,923
We can see a significant
depletion in California.

284
00:18:49,923 --> 00:18:53,306
We've been keeping a close
eye on the Central Valley.

285
00:18:53,306 --> 00:18:58,346
If we go back to 1998, the
aquifer has lost about one

286
00:18:58,346 --> 00:19:00,900
and a half times the
volume of Lake Mead.

287
00:19:00,900 --> 00:19:03,730
That's a huge amount of water.

288
00:19:03,730 --> 00:19:07,493
>> How much is left
in the aquifer?

289
00:19:07,493 --> 00:19:10,634
>> Let me see how I
can sugarcoat this.

290
00:19:10,634 --> 00:19:14,396
You know, I ran some back of
the envelop numbers looking

291
00:19:14,396 --> 00:19:17,744
at how long it would take
at those pumping rates

292
00:19:17,744 --> 00:19:20,057
for the aquifer to be depleted.

293
00:19:20,057 --> 00:19:23,474
And I got a number between
say, 60 and 100 years.

294
00:19:23,474 --> 00:19:29,238
So at the low end, 60
years, that's frightening.

295
00:19:29,238 --> 00:19:32,380
I think California
is in trouble.

296
00:19:32,380 --> 00:19:36,107
The combination of
climate change growth

297
00:19:36,107 --> 00:19:41,596
and groundwater depletion
spells a train wreck.

298
00:19:41,596 --> 00:19:43,839
>> Well, if you had to pick
one place in the United States,

299
00:19:43,839 --> 00:19:45,945
it's really right
in the crosshairs,

300
00:19:45,945 --> 00:19:48,637
it's got to be Southern
California.

301
00:19:48,637 --> 00:19:51,399
What would happen if we
suddenly didn't have the water?

302
00:19:51,399 --> 00:19:53,884
That's when people will
finally say, "Oh my god,

303
00:19:53,884 --> 00:19:54,919
we have a water problem.

304
00:19:54,919 --> 00:19:56,645
Build new dams, do
this, do that."

305
00:19:56,645 --> 00:19:59,476
Too late.

306
00:19:59,476 --> 00:20:03,687
>> We need to start planning
for the future and it's a future

307
00:20:03,687 --> 00:20:07,380
in which we're not going to have
a huge snow pack in the Sierras

308
00:20:07,380 --> 00:20:08,450
or the Rocky Mountains.

309
00:20:08,450 --> 00:20:11,522
It's just -- it's not
going to be there.

310
00:20:11,522 --> 00:20:14,560
>> If you told your parents that
by the end of the 21st century,

311
00:20:14,560 --> 00:20:16,285
there would be no
snow in California,

312
00:20:16,285 --> 00:20:18,771
do you think they'd believe you?

313
00:20:18,771 --> 00:20:20,600
This is the future.

314
00:20:20,600 --> 00:20:22,568
Okay, this is the water --

315
00:20:22,568 --> 00:20:23,948
>> They'll see it happen.

316
00:20:23,948 --> 00:20:25,640
They'll experience it.

317
00:20:25,640 --> 00:20:29,920
That's a very difficult
thing for people to grasp.

318
00:20:29,920 --> 00:20:38,204
It's been like watching
a Polaroid develop truly.

319
00:20:38,204 --> 00:20:40,689
It's like an, "oh my god
moment" and you realize,

320
00:20:40,689 --> 00:20:43,278
I can't believe this
is happening and I need

321
00:20:43,278 --> 00:20:48,525
to tell somebody about it.

322
00:20:48,525 --> 00:20:56,602
California faces a water crisis
of potentially epic proportions.

323
00:20:56,602 --> 00:21:04,333
You know, how we respond today
will define who we are tomorrow.

324
00:21:06,301 --> 00:21:07,682
>> Need additional storage.

325
00:21:07,682 --> 00:21:10,167
I mean, they've built
reservoirs for a reason.

326
00:21:10,167 --> 00:21:13,481
Shasta, Hoover.

327
00:21:13,481 --> 00:21:16,173
>> You owe the bank
and the county taxes.

328
00:21:16,173 --> 00:21:18,796
You're going to try to
farm as much as you can.

329
00:21:18,796 --> 00:21:20,349
>> They're not going
to make more water.

330
00:21:20,349 --> 00:21:22,904
The only solution to this
thing is conservation.

331
00:21:22,904 --> 00:21:23,939
>> I agree.

332
00:21:23,939 --> 00:21:25,872
We should look into
conservation,

333
00:21:25,872 --> 00:21:28,426
but that's not going to
yield or have any effect

334
00:21:28,426 --> 00:21:29,945
on our groundwater shortage.

335
00:21:29,945 --> 00:21:31,947
>> I didn't want
to give into this.

336
00:21:31,947 --> 00:21:33,708
But your arguments
about conservation

337
00:21:33,708 --> 00:21:35,537
and efficiency are just wrong.

338
00:21:35,537 --> 00:21:38,264
And if you're right,
the conservation

339
00:21:38,264 --> 00:21:39,748
and efficiency isn't
going to get us anything.

340
00:21:39,748 --> 00:21:43,925
And if I'm right, there's not
a lot of new supply out there.

341
00:21:43,925 --> 00:21:46,237
Then what are we left with?

342
00:21:46,237 --> 00:21:47,998
Take land out of production,

343
00:21:47,998 --> 00:21:51,104
I don't know anyone
who wants that.

344
00:21:51,104 --> 00:21:53,141
>> Your arguments just
don't make any sense.

345
00:21:53,141 --> 00:21:54,487
You have to live in the valley,

346
00:21:54,487 --> 00:21:56,731
you have to understand the
management of water here.

347
00:21:56,731 --> 00:21:58,180
>> Well, that's a
bad management.

348
00:21:58,180 --> 00:21:59,734
And you're one of the managers.

349
00:21:59,734 --> 00:22:00,251
I'm sorry.

350
00:22:01,459 --> 00:22:02,460
>> What I'm telling you
is 1.2

351
00:22:02,460 --> 00:22:03,634
>> That whole system --

352
00:22:03,634 --> 00:22:05,325
>> And they wanted to
make clearly the statement

353
00:22:05,325 --> 00:22:10,814
that we do face a crisis
now of epic proportions.

354
00:22:10,814 --> 00:22:11,918
And I said that.

355
00:22:11,918 --> 00:22:17,786
And I'm not sure that
it really resonated

356
00:22:17,786 --> 00:22:22,204
which to me is a
little startling.

357
00:22:22,204 --> 00:22:23,274
>> Whether we talk
about water --

358
00:22:23,274 --> 00:22:25,035
>> We need a plan and
we don't have one.

359
00:22:25,035 --> 00:22:28,072
And it is complex.

360
00:22:28,072 --> 00:22:30,730
We're screwed, yeah.

361
00:22:46,919 --> 00:22:51,648
>> Australia is much like
California in many ways.

362
00:22:51,648 --> 00:22:54,651
It has a very large agricultural
community that uses most

363
00:22:54,651 --> 00:22:57,757
of the water that
humans in Australia use.

364
00:22:57,757 --> 00:23:00,933
The one thing that
Australia has had

365
00:23:00,933 --> 00:23:04,143
that California has not
had is nearly a decade

366
00:23:04,143 --> 00:23:06,076
of incredibly severe drought.

367
00:23:06,076 --> 00:23:07,940
>> We're seeing it
as a whole host

368
00:23:07,940 --> 00:23:10,356
of bizarre problems
that are cropping up.

369
00:23:10,356 --> 00:23:12,220
>> Australians in Sydney
woke up this morning

370
00:23:12,220 --> 00:23:14,153
to find the skies glowing red.

371
00:23:14,153 --> 00:23:16,017
>> The inland parts are so dry.

372
00:23:16,017 --> 00:23:18,364
It picked up vast
quantities of topsoil.

373
00:23:18,364 --> 00:23:21,954
>> There is a plague ravaging
the Australian outback.

374
00:23:21,954 --> 00:23:24,508
Drought is driving the
animals into towns.

375
00:23:24,508 --> 00:23:27,200
>> Crews in Australia battling
the deadliest wildfires

376
00:23:27,200 --> 00:23:29,513
in the country's
history right now.

377
00:23:29,513 --> 00:23:33,206
>> The California of tomorrow
was the Australia of today.

378
00:23:33,206 --> 00:23:35,692
They're having to dramatically

379
00:23:35,692 --> 00:23:41,352
and radically rethink
agriculture.

380
00:23:41,352 --> 00:23:44,321
>> There was actually
nothing that grew.

381
00:23:44,321 --> 00:23:49,567
You put the crop in, and
you had nothing but dust.

382
00:23:49,567 --> 00:23:51,777
I was at a guy's house once,

383
00:23:51,777 --> 00:23:54,814
the stock was the worst
they've ever seen.

384
00:23:54,814 --> 00:23:56,816
In my opinion, some of
these cattle might have

385
00:23:56,816 --> 00:23:57,679
to be put down.

386
00:23:57,679 --> 00:23:59,267
How would you cope with that?

387
00:23:59,267 --> 00:24:01,476
He said, he will kill himself.

388
00:24:01,476 --> 00:24:04,721
He told me straight
out, "I'll kill myself."

389
00:24:12,763 --> 00:24:15,421
>> I go to farms in
a couple of shires

390
00:24:15,421 --> 00:24:16,733
and ask them how they're going.

391
00:24:22,324 --> 00:24:24,223
Well over here where
are you going today,

392
00:24:24,223 --> 00:24:27,882
they haven't hit any water
allocation for five years.

393
00:24:27,882 --> 00:24:29,366
>> So we'll have to
buy in a lot of food

394
00:24:29,366 --> 00:24:33,335
because we can't grow it
ourselves with no water.

395
00:24:33,335 --> 00:24:36,649
So the milk price doesn't
cover the cost of production.

396
00:24:36,649 --> 00:24:38,582
>> You must have had enormous
stress on your families

397
00:24:38,582 --> 00:24:39,859
and yourself going through
all this

398
00:24:39,859 --> 00:24:41,033
with no water and --

399
00:24:41,033 --> 00:24:42,275
>> That's an understatement.

400
00:24:42,275 --> 00:24:43,380
>> That would be
an understatement.

401
00:24:43,380 --> 00:24:45,071
>> Yeah. That's an
understatement.

402
00:24:45,071 --> 00:24:46,555
>> It's our cows.

403
00:24:46,555 --> 00:24:48,040
They're my babies.

404
00:24:48,040 --> 00:24:53,217
There is no future here because
of the control of the water.

405
00:24:53,217 --> 00:24:58,257
They are taking it
away from the farmers.

406
00:24:58,257 --> 00:24:59,810
>> When you go to
two or three houses

407
00:24:59,810 --> 00:25:03,331
and you hear the same story
about stress, anxiety, debt.

408
00:25:03,331 --> 00:25:06,058
>> I would never know
what I was coming home to.

409
00:25:06,058 --> 00:25:08,232
>> You had a fear of that?

410
00:25:08,232 --> 00:25:09,509
>> Yeah, absolutely.

411
00:25:09,509 --> 00:25:10,994
Be wondering about
it the whole time.

412
00:25:10,994 --> 00:25:12,133
>> Yeah.

413
00:25:12,133 --> 00:25:13,617
>> I'd better just make
sure he was still alive

414
00:25:13,617 --> 00:25:14,618
and that sort of thing.

415
00:25:14,618 --> 00:25:17,794
>> Yeah. In the area
that I work,

416
00:25:17,794 --> 00:25:22,488
there has been eight people
that have taken their own life.

417
00:25:22,488 --> 00:25:24,801
One was fairly recent where
I've done all the referrals

418
00:25:24,801 --> 00:25:28,736
that I could and he had his
medication, there's nothing

419
00:25:28,736 --> 00:25:32,429
that I know or that anybody
that I work with could have put

420
00:25:32,429 --> 00:25:35,535
in place more than what it was.

421
00:25:35,535 --> 00:25:40,748
And he took his own
life last September.

422
00:25:48,341 --> 00:25:50,447
And the way that I
cope with that is

423
00:25:50,447 --> 00:25:53,691
through my family and my horses.

424
00:25:58,248 --> 00:26:01,941
All day I
face the barren waste

425
00:26:01,941 --> 00:26:05,703
without the taste of water.

426
00:26:05,703 --> 00:26:10,225
Cool clear water.

427
00:26:10,225 --> 00:26:14,229
>> Here's the burning question,
do you believe what's going

428
00:26:14,229 --> 00:26:16,956
on in the last few
years is climate change?

429
00:26:16,956 --> 00:26:18,924
>> Look. I think the climate
has constantly changed.

430
00:26:18,924 --> 00:26:21,133
I don't think there's been any
short-term thing that's made

431
00:26:21,133 --> 00:26:22,548
a difference.

432
00:26:22,548 --> 00:26:25,171
>> Personal opinion, climates
change all the time don't they,

433
00:26:25,171 --> 00:26:26,448
Ivan?

434
00:26:26,448 --> 00:26:29,417
>> We're hoping that's a
severely dry cycle in Australia

435
00:26:29,417 --> 00:26:31,729
and not climate change,
because if it is climate change,

436
00:26:31,729 --> 00:26:35,285
this part of Australia
is in deep shit.

437
00:26:36,458 --> 00:26:40,738
>> In the scientific
community, we're starting

438
00:26:40,738 --> 00:26:43,638
to think it's not drought, it's
really part of climate change.

439
00:26:43,638 --> 00:26:48,470
Australia is way past
what many people consider

440
00:26:48,470 --> 00:26:51,266
to be the carrying
capacity in terms

441
00:26:51,266 --> 00:26:52,785
of how much water there is.

442
00:26:52,785 --> 00:26:56,271
They're way past it.

443
00:26:56,271 --> 00:26:58,584
>> We're having an
auction which we're selling

444
00:26:58,584 --> 00:27:01,656
around about 170 head of
their cows that's starting

445
00:27:01,656 --> 00:27:04,314
to wind the farm down.

446
00:27:04,314 --> 00:27:06,592
>> We're seeing good friends
go through the same issues.

447
00:27:06,592 --> 00:27:09,008
So we know what -- got
a bit of an inkling

448
00:27:09,008 --> 00:27:11,631
of what we're headed for.

449
00:27:11,631 --> 00:27:15,704
>> What would be the hardest
thing for you two to see today?

450
00:27:20,917 --> 00:27:27,475
>> I suppose a farm with no
black and white cows on it.

451
00:27:27,475 --> 00:27:29,718
Anyway --

452
00:28:06,514 --> 00:28:11,139
>> All day
I face a barren waste

453
00:28:11,139 --> 00:28:15,523
without the taste of water.

454
00:28:15,523 --> 00:28:21,253
Cool, water.

455
00:28:21,253 --> 00:28:25,705
Old Dan and I, with
throats burnt dry

456
00:28:25,705 --> 00:28:34,197
and souls that cry for water.

457
00:28:34,197 --> 00:28:40,720
Cool, clear water.

458
00:28:45,242 --> 00:28:50,799
>> The whole nature of the
water cycle is changing driven

459
00:28:50,799 --> 00:28:53,388
by changing climate.

460
00:28:53,388 --> 00:29:02,363
In our new study, we found that
the water cycle is intensified.

461
00:29:02,363 --> 00:29:05,849
That truly means a
much more stormy future

462
00:29:05,849 --> 00:29:08,127
in many parts of the world.

463
00:29:08,127 --> 00:29:13,132
And then other regions will
have more extreme droughts.

464
00:29:13,132 --> 00:29:17,102
These are first of
their kind observations.

465
00:29:17,102 --> 00:29:19,828
There have been many
studies that suggested

466
00:29:19,828 --> 00:29:22,348
that this may be
happening in the future

467
00:29:22,348 --> 00:29:26,352
and our research has shown this
is actually happening right now.

468
00:29:26,352 --> 00:29:30,253
Will the water cycle
spin out of control?

469
00:29:30,253 --> 00:29:34,326
It's hard in the United
States to fathom the scope

470
00:29:34,326 --> 00:29:35,913
of the potential change.

471
00:29:35,913 --> 00:29:38,847
And the scope is huge.

472
00:29:38,847 --> 00:29:41,057
>> These current
findings as this is going

473
00:29:41,057 --> 00:29:43,714
to get people's attention.

474
00:29:43,714 --> 00:29:47,787
>> I don't think so.

475
00:29:47,787 --> 00:29:50,583
We think that we have this
right to use as much water

476
00:29:50,583 --> 00:29:55,312
as we can get our hands on.

477
00:29:55,312 --> 00:29:59,109
There aren't many things
that my neighbors do

478
00:29:59,109 --> 00:30:01,525
that drive me crazy.

479
00:30:01,525 --> 00:30:07,566
And one of the biggest is
over-watering the yard.

480
00:30:07,566 --> 00:30:11,501
In arid and sub-arid regions,
watering the lawn may account

481
00:30:11,501 --> 00:30:16,161
for 50 to 75 percent
of household water use.

482
00:30:16,161 --> 00:30:20,475
We're talking about three times
the volume of Lake Mead just

483
00:30:20,475 --> 00:30:24,410
to water the grass every year.

484
00:30:24,410 --> 00:30:25,825
>> The biggest mistake
in thinking

485
00:30:25,825 --> 00:30:29,243
about water has always
been thinking about it

486
00:30:29,243 --> 00:30:31,762
as disconnected from
everything else.

487
00:30:35,490 --> 00:30:38,735
>> There are hidden
costs of water

488
00:30:38,735 --> 00:30:41,772
in almost every product we use.

489
00:31:15,254 --> 00:31:20,156
>> In most households,
the single largest user

490
00:31:20,156 --> 00:31:22,054
of water is the toilet.

491
00:31:22,054 --> 00:31:26,507
Now, this is a high
efficiency toilet.

492
00:31:26,507 --> 00:31:31,443
It uses 1.2 gallons
every time you flush it.

493
00:31:31,443 --> 00:31:36,172
There I've just wasted
1.2 gallons.

494
00:31:36,172 --> 00:31:40,452
The toilets in many people's
homes still use 6 gallons.

495
00:31:40,452 --> 00:31:46,113
That's 6 billion
gallons a day that we use merely

496
00:31:46,113 --> 00:31:48,770
to flush away human waste.

497
00:31:55,329 --> 00:31:57,917
>> The plan itself
is an amazing process

498
00:31:57,917 --> 00:32:01,542
where you can actually take
dirty, filthy, disgusting water

499
00:32:01,542 --> 00:32:04,096
and make it clean so it's
fishable and swimmable

500
00:32:04,096 --> 00:32:06,409
in the area around New York.

501
00:32:06,409 --> 00:32:08,687
Understanding waste
water is just one step

502
00:32:08,687 --> 00:32:13,623
in understanding everything
about your environment.

503
00:32:13,623 --> 00:32:16,626
>> All this is like
pretty Egyptian technology.

504
00:32:16,626 --> 00:32:18,283
This is just the wheel
moving up and down

505
00:32:18,283 --> 00:32:22,183
with a simple rake embedding
the tides in between the spaces

506
00:32:22,183 --> 00:32:24,461
and clearing the debris away.

507
00:32:24,461 --> 00:32:27,913
The debris that comes in
is the debris that comes

508
00:32:27,913 --> 00:32:29,984
from our toilets, our
sinks, our bathrooms,

509
00:32:29,984 --> 00:32:33,229
and also from the street.

510
00:32:33,229 --> 00:32:36,439
As emerging things change, they
wind up in the waste stream

511
00:32:36,439 --> 00:32:40,477
that we see it here up until
maybe eight years ago or so,

512
00:32:40,477 --> 00:32:44,585
we very rarely saw a bottled
water, it's very prevalent now,

513
00:32:44,585 --> 00:32:45,965
the spirit of the times.

514
00:32:45,965 --> 00:32:48,934
I'm about to open up one of
the four doors that allow you

515
00:32:48,934 --> 00:32:52,662
to see what goes on here.

516
00:32:52,662 --> 00:32:56,355
You can see the condoms floating
on the top of the surface.

517
00:32:56,355 --> 00:32:57,770
It is what it is.

518
00:32:57,770 --> 00:33:04,052
If 100 pounds of waste product
comes in with all that water,

519
00:33:04,052 --> 00:33:06,123
I have to remove 85 pounds of it

520
00:33:06,123 --> 00:33:09,265
and the 15 pounds remaining
is legally allowed to go

521
00:33:09,265 --> 00:33:10,611
into the receiving water.

522
00:33:10,611 --> 00:33:16,755
>> The treatment sewage is a
very simple biological process

523
00:33:16,755 --> 00:33:18,274
in which we're just
speeding up nature.

524
00:33:18,274 --> 00:33:22,174
There's a lot of talk
nowadays about chemicals coming

525
00:33:22,174 --> 00:33:23,693
in to the systems
and antibiotics

526
00:33:23,693 --> 00:33:24,935
that are coming in
to the systems.

527
00:33:24,935 --> 00:33:26,143
And those things were not --

528
00:33:26,143 --> 00:33:27,559
never meant to be treated

529
00:33:27,559 --> 00:33:31,218
in a domestic waste
water treatment plant.

530
00:33:31,218 --> 00:33:33,875
Right now, they cannot
possibly deal with the myriad

531
00:33:33,875 --> 00:33:36,740
of chemicals that are out there.

532
00:33:44,610 --> 00:33:47,682
>> The traditional pollution
scenario was a large industrial

533
00:33:47,682 --> 00:33:51,307
pipe sticking out of the side
of a factory spewing brown gunk

534
00:33:51,307 --> 00:33:52,618
into the pristine waters

535
00:33:52,618 --> 00:33:54,896
and seeing the fish
and the ducks die.

536
00:33:54,896 --> 00:33:59,832
Then there were a few
astonishing examples

537
00:33:59,832 --> 00:34:01,627
of water pollution.

538
00:34:01,627 --> 00:34:07,599
The Cuyahoga River in Ohio
burst into flames in 1969.

539
00:34:07,599 --> 00:34:08,979
>> It was just so bizarre.

540
00:34:08,979 --> 00:34:11,913
How can water catch fire?

541
00:34:11,913 --> 00:34:13,950
>> This case made
national headlines

542
00:34:13,950 --> 00:34:16,711
and galvanized the
environmental movement.

543
00:34:21,129 --> 00:34:22,614
>> People start pollution.

544
00:34:22,614 --> 00:34:23,718
People can stop it.

545
00:34:23,718 --> 00:34:28,309
>> The net result of
that was the foundation

546
00:34:28,309 --> 00:34:30,760
of the Environmental
Protection Agency,

547
00:34:30,760 --> 00:34:32,486
the signing of the
Clean Water Act

548
00:34:32,486 --> 00:34:35,454
and the Safe Drinking Water
Act in the early '70s.

549
00:34:35,454 --> 00:34:37,422
It was originally
a very strong law.

550
00:34:37,422 --> 00:34:41,840
But times have changed.

551
00:34:41,840 --> 00:34:43,773
Pollution in America
is increasing rather

552
00:34:43,773 --> 00:34:45,015
than decreasing.

553
00:34:45,015 --> 00:34:49,123
In the five years
between 2004 and 2009,

554
00:34:49,123 --> 00:34:53,092
the Clean Water Act was
violated a half a million times.

555
00:34:53,092 --> 00:34:55,923
The old pollution
was a river on fire.

556
00:34:55,923 --> 00:34:59,375
The new pollution is
something you can't even see.

557
00:34:59,375 --> 00:35:00,997
>> Whether it's birth
control pills,

558
00:35:00,997 --> 00:35:04,621
erectile dysfunction
medicines, hormone supplements,

559
00:35:04,621 --> 00:35:07,348
our bodies absorb some of them.

560
00:35:07,348 --> 00:35:11,352
We excrete the rest of the
chemicals, we flush them away,

561
00:35:11,352 --> 00:35:13,941
they go to the treatment plant
and they are not removed.

562
00:35:13,941 --> 00:35:18,497
>> Consider vast Lake Mead.

563
00:35:18,497 --> 00:35:21,120
Tests have found trace
levels of birth control,

564
00:35:21,120 --> 00:35:24,020
steroids, narcotics, and more.

565
00:35:24,020 --> 00:35:25,539
>> The U.S. is the
leading producer

566
00:35:25,539 --> 00:35:27,955
of these new contaminants.

567
00:35:27,955 --> 00:35:30,164
We don't know how harmful
these chemicals are.

568
00:35:30,164 --> 00:35:33,340
And there are more
added all the time.

569
00:35:33,340 --> 00:35:40,381
The EPA approves 1 to
2,000 chemicals a year.

570
00:35:40,381 --> 00:35:41,486
>> The more difficult

571
00:35:41,486 --> 00:35:45,559
and dangerous ones are
industrial contaminants.

572
00:35:45,559 --> 00:35:46,663
These are the chemicals

573
00:35:46,663 --> 00:35:51,219
that were the subject
of Erin Brockovich.

574
00:35:51,219 --> 00:35:52,600
>> Counselors.

575
00:35:52,600 --> 00:35:58,986
>> The scene where -- you know,
so funny to say Ed Masry and I,

576
00:35:58,986 --> 00:36:02,023
but Albert Finney and Julia,
are on one side of the table

577
00:36:02,023 --> 00:36:03,508
and PGandE's defense
attorneys were

578
00:36:03,508 --> 00:36:05,199
on the other and Julia says --

579
00:36:05,199 --> 00:36:06,407
>> "By the way, we
had that water brought

580
00:36:06,407 --> 00:36:08,098
in special for you folks.

581
00:36:08,098 --> 00:36:13,034
It came from a well in Hinkley."

582
00:36:13,034 --> 00:36:15,830
>> Why would you pick up
and knowingly drink a glass

583
00:36:15,830 --> 00:36:16,693
of contaminated water?

584
00:36:16,693 --> 00:36:18,799
You wouldn't.

585
00:36:18,799 --> 00:36:23,907
I just think that said so much.

586
00:36:23,907 --> 00:36:27,394
That was my wakeup
call in Hinkley.

587
00:36:27,394 --> 00:36:32,053
I would see the absence of
wildlife, I would listen

588
00:36:32,053 --> 00:36:33,745
to these people's accounts

589
00:36:33,745 --> 00:36:35,919
of what was happening
to their health.

590
00:36:35,919 --> 00:36:38,784
And I thought, what
is happening here?

591
00:36:38,784 --> 00:36:43,271
What's the common denominator
that is affecting all of this?

592
00:36:43,271 --> 00:36:47,344
And I was like, "Uh, water."

593
00:36:47,344 --> 00:36:52,453
And remember way back when I
began my work out there in 1991

594
00:36:52,453 --> 00:36:55,214
that it was an isolated
incident.

595
00:36:55,214 --> 00:36:58,597
And it is far from
anything isolated.

596
00:36:58,597 --> 00:37:03,430
For 20 years, I'm
down on the ground.

597
00:37:03,430 --> 00:37:05,604
And we've got these communities,

598
00:37:05,604 --> 00:37:08,504
maybe they've noted too
many children with cancer,

599
00:37:08,504 --> 00:37:10,747
the animals that are
dying with tumors

600
00:37:10,747 --> 00:37:14,648
and we don't know what it is,
you ask for their people here

601
00:37:14,648 --> 00:37:17,720
in this room that may
have cancer or leukemias.

602
00:37:17,720 --> 00:37:22,621
>> Can I see a show of hands?

603
00:37:22,621 --> 00:37:26,970
Oh my, can you keep
your hands up?

604
00:37:26,970 --> 00:37:28,247
>> People started
looking around the room

605
00:37:28,247 --> 00:37:29,525
and I'm like, you have cancer.

606
00:37:29,525 --> 00:37:30,629
I didn't know you
have that cancer.

607
00:37:30,629 --> 00:37:31,665
Your child has that cancer?

608
00:37:31,665 --> 00:37:33,114
Well, my child has that cancer.

609
00:37:33,114 --> 00:37:37,360
So that is what's starting
to really rattle me.

610
00:37:37,360 --> 00:37:39,224
>> A developing story out
of Midland this evening,

611
00:37:39,224 --> 00:37:41,882
high profile environmental
activist, Erin Brockovich is

612
00:37:41,882 --> 00:37:44,988
in town tonight with a toxic
contaminated water problem.

613
00:37:44,988 --> 00:37:47,888
>> Concerned residents called in
Brockovich, who was a consultant

614
00:37:47,888 --> 00:37:50,546
for two environmental
law firms to investigate.

615
00:37:50,546 --> 00:37:58,001
>> A year ago, one of the
community members came to me.

616
00:37:58,001 --> 00:38:00,625
Her granddaughter was having
these very strange skin rashes

617
00:38:00,625 --> 00:38:04,214
and sent me a picture of a
swimming pool that was green.

618
00:38:04,214 --> 00:38:08,011
Oh yeah. Definitely greener.

619
00:38:08,011 --> 00:38:10,704
And I was just immediately
-- I'm like, "Uh-oh,

620
00:38:10,704 --> 00:38:12,119
I have a feeling I
know what this is,

621
00:38:12,119 --> 00:38:15,467
the hexavalent chromium."

622
00:38:15,467 --> 00:38:19,298
The reason I had to contact
her is because we went

623
00:38:19,298 --> 00:38:20,679
through our local government.

624
00:38:20,679 --> 00:38:22,750
I bet I wrote over a
thousand letters to all

625
00:38:22,750 --> 00:38:26,271
of our congressmen and
legisla -- everybody.

626
00:38:26,271 --> 00:38:29,516
They've just failed us.

627
00:38:29,516 --> 00:38:31,794
>> I emailed Erin Brockovich

628
00:38:31,794 --> 00:38:34,866
and she emailed me
back in 30 minutes.

629
00:38:34,866 --> 00:38:36,764
I hadn't even seen the
movie Erin Brockovich.

630
00:38:36,764 --> 00:38:39,249
I had never seen it
until after I met Erin,

631
00:38:39,249 --> 00:38:40,665
then I watched the movie.

632
00:38:41,389 --> 00:38:43,046
>> Hexavalent chromium.

633
00:38:43,046 --> 00:38:45,566
It's poisonous.

634
00:38:45,566 --> 00:38:46,843
>> Yeah.

635
00:38:46,843 --> 00:38:49,846
>> Oh my gosh, the biggest
scene was when she's talking

636
00:38:49,846 --> 00:38:51,158
to the lady and she
looks out there

637
00:38:51,158 --> 00:38:56,197
and her kids are
playing in the pool.

638
00:38:56,197 --> 00:38:59,407
>> Ashley, Jenna,
get out of the pool.

639
00:38:59,407 --> 00:39:01,444
>> How come?

640
00:39:01,444 --> 00:39:03,066
>> That's how I felt
when I realized

641
00:39:03,066 --> 00:39:05,931
that I had been putting my
grandkids in toxic water

642
00:39:05,931 --> 00:39:07,657
in that swimming pool.

643
00:39:07,657 --> 00:39:13,283
It was very, very
emotional for me.

644
00:39:13,283 --> 00:39:17,218
My grandkids all said,
"The pool hurts us."

645
00:39:17,218 --> 00:39:22,120
And I didn't even
put it together.

646
00:39:22,120 --> 00:39:24,916
>> Here is Janet
now and --

647
00:39:24,916 --> 00:39:28,713
>> There were very high
numbers of hexavalent chromium.

648
00:39:28,713 --> 00:39:31,681
Higher than anything I've
ever seen in Hinkley.

649
00:39:31,681 --> 00:39:34,270
>> You can't go on city water?

650
00:39:34,270 --> 00:39:36,928
>> Well, if they're telling
us there's no water for us.

651
00:39:36,928 --> 00:39:38,619
>> No water for you.

652
00:39:38,619 --> 00:39:39,551
>> Yeah.

653
00:39:39,551 --> 00:39:41,035
>> And -- just drink
the poisons.

654
00:39:41,035 --> 00:39:42,865
>> "Not my problem."

655
00:39:42,865 --> 00:39:47,835
>> This is part of the 40
million Americans are still

656
00:39:47,835 --> 00:39:49,457
on their own well water.

657
00:39:49,457 --> 00:39:50,217
>> Forty million?

658
00:39:50,217 --> 00:39:51,183
>> Yeah.

659
00:39:51,183 --> 00:39:53,254
>> People just fall
off the grid.

660
00:39:53,254 --> 00:39:56,050
>> One of the big loopholes
in American water law is

661
00:39:56,050 --> 00:39:57,811
for so-called domestic wells.

662
00:39:57,811 --> 00:40:04,127
Many of these are never
tested for chemicals.

663
00:40:04,127 --> 00:40:05,542
>> The state acted
pretty quickly,

664
00:40:05,542 --> 00:40:07,959
they got filtration
systems on there.

665
00:40:07,959 --> 00:40:10,513
But then that's kind
of where it ends.

666
00:40:10,513 --> 00:40:12,342
>> Honestly, when I got
the letter from the state,

667
00:40:12,342 --> 00:40:15,380
I really thought, you know,
it said my water was safe

668
00:40:15,380 --> 00:40:17,485
for drinking so we
haven't really stopped.

669
00:40:17,485 --> 00:40:19,177
I mean, we bathe,
we take showers,

670
00:40:19,177 --> 00:40:20,212
we -- I mean, we have to.

671
00:40:20,212 --> 00:40:21,317
This is where we live.

672
00:40:21,317 --> 00:40:24,872
>> Our tests showed
dangerously high levels

673
00:40:24,872 --> 00:40:26,771
of hexavalent chromium.

674
00:40:26,771 --> 00:40:28,773
That poor guy could
have gone years.

675
00:40:28,773 --> 00:40:32,121
It could have been years
that he'd consume this water.

676
00:40:32,121 --> 00:40:35,607
The chemical concentration
of chromium-6 here

677
00:40:35,607 --> 00:40:39,507
in Midland is the largest
I've ever seen anywhere.

678
00:40:39,507 --> 00:40:41,993
The concentrations
are just extreme.

679
00:40:41,993 --> 00:40:44,996
>> My house is right
here where it's 319.

680
00:40:44,996 --> 00:40:48,275
Right now, we're at 818.

681
00:40:48,275 --> 00:40:52,486
But right here, where Angie
died, it was 1,100 last year.

682
00:40:52,486 --> 00:40:58,837
Angie lives right next
door to ground zero.

683
00:40:58,837 --> 00:41:02,772
She passed away three
weeks ago from lupus

684
00:41:02,772 --> 00:41:05,154
which I've got the
forerunner to lupus now.

685
00:41:05,154 --> 00:41:06,569
>> Are you feeling okay?

686
00:41:06,569 --> 00:41:10,297
>> That's my -- my fear is not
living long enough to take care

687
00:41:10,297 --> 00:41:17,338
of everybody out here and
especially my grandkids.

688
00:41:17,338 --> 00:41:21,273
>> So what their last
resort is some litigation.

689
00:41:21,273 --> 00:41:22,412
How long is that going to take?

690
00:41:22,412 --> 00:41:23,517
Fifteen, 20 years?

691
00:41:23,517 --> 00:41:28,246
>> You know, I just
get so aggravated

692
00:41:28,246 --> 00:41:30,835
because they're not
listening, they're not caring,

693
00:41:30,835 --> 00:41:33,285
and they're not even
trying to find who did it.

694
00:41:33,285 --> 00:41:35,771
>> There was this out
here that you've got --

695
00:41:35,771 --> 00:41:37,496
>> This is the pits.

696
00:41:37,496 --> 00:41:40,948
We believe all the oil field
companies dumped in that pit.

697
00:41:40,948 --> 00:41:42,363
>> Through our investigative
work,

698
00:41:42,363 --> 00:41:44,780
we actually believe
it's a company,

699
00:41:44,780 --> 00:41:48,300
Schlumberger just
up the road here.

700
00:41:48,300 --> 00:41:52,615
>> This particular Schlumberger
facility is the mother ship.

701
00:41:52,615 --> 00:41:53,858
Schlumberger's official
statement is

702
00:41:53,858 --> 00:41:56,101
that they never used
hexavalent chromium

703
00:41:56,101 --> 00:42:00,105
and the EPA's initial report
never identified the source.

704
00:42:00,105 --> 00:42:05,766
Through further investigation,
we will get to the bottom of it.

705
00:42:05,766 --> 00:42:10,046
What makes it so frustrating is
that you can't find out what any

706
00:42:10,046 --> 00:42:11,945
of the chemicals are
that are being deployed

707
00:42:11,945 --> 00:42:14,326
out into the environment
under something referred

708
00:42:14,326 --> 00:42:18,503
to as the Halliburton Loophole.

709
00:42:18,503 --> 00:42:21,126
The Halliburton Loophole
was pushed

710
00:42:21,126 --> 00:42:25,613
through by then Vice
President Cheney.

711
00:42:25,613 --> 00:42:28,858
Cheney exempted all of the
oil and gas fracking companies

712
00:42:28,858 --> 00:42:30,377
from the Safe Drinking
Water Act.

713
00:42:30,377 --> 00:42:31,516
It's insanity.

714
00:42:31,516 --> 00:42:35,762
>> Whoa, it's good to
be in Midland, Texas.

715
00:42:39,489 --> 00:42:41,975
I'm calling to
George W. Bush is thinking

716
00:42:41,975 --> 00:42:42,976
right now,

717
00:42:42,976 --> 00:42:45,357
is the
Texas airspace.

718
00:42:47,428 --> 00:42:51,778
>> Midland, Texas is one of
North America's most aggressive

719
00:42:51,778 --> 00:42:54,608
in oil and gas field
development.

720
00:42:54,608 --> 00:42:57,922
And it is the childhood
home of George Bush.

721
00:42:57,922 --> 00:43:00,476
People don't usually poison
their own neighborhoods.

722
00:43:00,476 --> 00:43:04,618
What's the old saying is, "You
don't shit where you eat."

723
00:43:07,794 --> 00:43:10,555
>> We live about a
block and a half west

724
00:43:10,555 --> 00:43:12,695
of the contaminated area.

725
00:43:12,695 --> 00:43:15,146
Are we really safe?

726
00:43:15,146 --> 00:43:18,805
>> What can we do to
protect ourselves now?

727
00:43:18,805 --> 00:43:20,185
>> Are we still going

728
00:43:20,185 --> 00:43:23,395
to be declared a
Superfund in your opinion?

729
00:43:23,395 --> 00:43:26,364
>> They can come in and
issue you a Superfund status,

730
00:43:26,364 --> 00:43:28,642
but that ain't going
to stop anything.

731
00:43:28,642 --> 00:43:31,645
This agency is broke.

732
00:43:31,645 --> 00:43:32,542
>> They don't have any money?

733
00:43:32,542 --> 00:43:33,716
>> Oh, EPA is broke.

734
00:43:33,716 --> 00:43:34,337
They got nothing.

735
00:43:34,337 --> 00:43:37,616
Nothing. Nothing.

736
00:43:37,616 --> 00:43:43,070
They have 1,200 Superfund sites
now they can't do anything with.

737
00:43:43,070 --> 00:43:49,697
I'm telling you,
Superman is not coming.

738
00:43:49,697 --> 00:43:51,630
>> People still believe
that that arm

739
00:43:51,630 --> 00:43:53,978
of government is
going to come save us.

740
00:43:53,978 --> 00:44:00,674
And the look on their face
even kind of startled me.

741
00:44:00,674 --> 00:44:03,953
>> I wish that I could
come here tonight

742
00:44:03,953 --> 00:44:06,714
and tell you it's
going to be okay.

743
00:44:06,714 --> 00:44:08,613
But that's not what's
going to happen

744
00:44:08,613 --> 00:44:11,685
and I don't want to lie to you.

745
00:44:11,685 --> 00:44:13,204
>> We moved here from Mesa.

746
00:44:13,204 --> 00:44:15,654
I've done hair there for
years and I do hair here.

747
00:44:15,654 --> 00:44:18,830
I have more clients
here with cancer,

748
00:44:18,830 --> 00:44:22,040
I have shaved more heads
here in three years

749
00:44:22,040 --> 00:44:24,077
than I ever did there.

750
00:44:24,077 --> 00:44:28,736
And I'm just concerned about
our own children are waking

751
00:44:28,736 --> 00:44:30,980
up with nosebleeds.

752
00:44:30,980 --> 00:44:33,224
>> I don't think I need
to tell you nor do I want

753
00:44:33,224 --> 00:44:37,814
to scare you how carcinogenic
hexavalent chromium is.

754
00:44:37,814 --> 00:44:42,543
>> You know, when we first saw
the numbers, I have to tell you,

755
00:44:42,543 --> 00:44:45,167
some people I work with,
we looked at each other

756
00:44:45,167 --> 00:44:46,996
and it was -- they're
walking dead.

757
00:44:46,996 --> 00:44:51,414
And at that point for
me, it gets really hard

758
00:44:51,414 --> 00:44:54,935
to be a cheerleader
and always try

759
00:44:54,935 --> 00:44:58,490
to find some hope
in it for them.

760
00:44:58,490 --> 00:45:01,424
>> If you stay together
and you use your voice

761
00:45:01,424 --> 00:45:04,841
and you push back, you
will make some progress.

762
00:45:04,841 --> 00:45:09,122
At least you know the truth.

763
00:45:09,122 --> 00:45:12,746
>> We the community,
we want water.

764
00:45:12,746 --> 00:45:16,439
That's all we want, is
good, potable water.

765
00:45:16,439 --> 00:45:20,719
Something when we turn on the
faucet and we know it's okay

766
00:45:20,719 --> 00:45:22,721
to brush our teeth with it.

767
00:45:29,901 --> 00:45:32,593
>> Some of these
chemicals can take

768
00:45:32,593 --> 00:45:34,388
up to 100 years to get rid of.

769
00:45:34,388 --> 00:45:37,012
And what are we supposed
to do in the interim?

770
00:45:37,012 --> 00:45:42,258
I mean, there's this vast
world underneath our feet

771
00:45:42,258 --> 00:45:45,848
that we don't see.

772
00:45:45,848 --> 00:45:47,988
Out of sight, out of mind, we
don't see it, we don't know

773
00:45:47,988 --> 00:45:52,682
where it goes, and therefore,
we don't pay attention.

774
00:46:01,381 --> 00:46:05,040
>> I've been fascinated
by amphibians

775
00:46:05,040 --> 00:46:07,594
for as long as I can remember.

776
00:46:07,594 --> 00:46:11,632
So as a child, I was
fascinated by metamorphosis,

777
00:46:11,632 --> 00:46:13,255
watching tadpoles
turn into frogs.

778
00:46:13,255 --> 00:46:17,673
Then I ended up at Harvard
where I majored in biology.

779
00:46:17,673 --> 00:46:20,089
And I ended up in a
laboratory there where I focused

780
00:46:20,089 --> 00:46:23,541
on amphibian development.

781
00:46:23,541 --> 00:46:27,338
My work was getting
fairly well-known.

782
00:46:27,338 --> 00:46:30,582
Fork in the road,
should we take it?

783
00:46:30,582 --> 00:46:35,277
Twelve years ago,
I've never heard of atrazine.

784
00:46:35,277 --> 00:46:40,420
Atrazine is an herbicide
or a weed killer.

785
00:46:40,420 --> 00:46:41,697
Until a few years ago,

786
00:46:41,697 --> 00:46:44,527
it was the number one
selling agricultural pesticide

787
00:46:44,527 --> 00:46:46,322
in the world.

788
00:46:46,322 --> 00:46:50,257
I was approached by the
manufacturer to examine whether

789
00:46:50,257 --> 00:46:53,709
or not atrazine was an endocrine
disruptor in amphibians.

790
00:46:53,709 --> 00:46:57,057
The term endocrine
disruptor refers to anything

791
00:46:57,057 --> 00:47:00,026
that would interfere with
the hormone's action.

792
00:47:00,026 --> 00:47:02,821
And we found that the
atrazine-exposed animals weren't

793
00:47:02,821 --> 00:47:04,892
making testosterone properly.

794
00:47:04,892 --> 00:47:09,794
In some cases, the atrazine
makes them make enough estrogen

795
00:47:09,794 --> 00:47:13,039
that they actually
turn into females.

796
00:47:13,039 --> 00:47:17,112
These are two genetic males
that were exposed to atrazine

797
00:47:17,112 --> 00:47:19,562
that actually developed
into females.

798
00:47:19,562 --> 00:47:23,704
So as you can see, the males
are smaller but now genetically,

799
00:47:23,704 --> 00:47:26,017
right, these are all males.

800
00:47:26,017 --> 00:47:28,019
The guy on top is a male,

801
00:47:28,019 --> 00:47:31,022
and that's his brother
that he's on top of.

802
00:47:31,022 --> 00:47:34,129
It's a hard thing to describe.

803
00:47:40,790 --> 00:47:42,137
What does this have
to do with people?

804
00:47:42,137 --> 00:47:44,139
Why do we care?

805
00:47:44,139 --> 00:47:46,624
Frogs and fish which live
in the contaminated water,

806
00:47:46,624 --> 00:47:48,798
they're much more
sensitive as they're going

807
00:47:48,798 --> 00:47:50,179
through these developmental
stages.

808
00:47:50,179 --> 00:47:55,771
On the other hand, a human fetus
is inside an amniotic sac filled

809
00:47:55,771 --> 00:47:59,154
with water, that's going through
critical developmental stages

810
00:47:59,154 --> 00:48:01,949
where hormones are important.

811
00:48:01,949 --> 00:48:04,573
The same estrogen for example
that makes my frogs turn

812
00:48:04,573 --> 00:48:07,300
into hermaphrodites, that
same estrogen is important

813
00:48:07,300 --> 00:48:09,233
in breast cancer.

814
00:48:09,233 --> 00:48:13,927
When people think of science,
you know, they think of CSI.

815
00:48:13,927 --> 00:48:17,068
In field work, you
really have to sort

816
00:48:17,068 --> 00:48:19,553
through all these
potential suspects.

817
00:48:19,553 --> 00:48:21,452
I think there's a line from
a lot of the guys in CSI,

818
00:48:21,452 --> 00:48:23,212
how do you find the answer?

819
00:48:23,212 --> 00:48:26,836
>> Follow the evidence even if
we don't like where it takes us.

820
00:48:26,836 --> 00:48:29,598
>> And that's really what
we're doing is in this case,

821
00:48:29,598 --> 00:48:31,393
following the atrazine.

822
00:48:31,393 --> 00:48:36,777
Atrazine is the most
common pesticide contaminant

823
00:48:36,777 --> 00:48:38,158
of drinking water, groundwater.

824
00:48:38,158 --> 00:48:40,333
And there're a couple of
studies came out showing

825
00:48:40,333 --> 00:48:42,438
that atrazine is
associated with breast cancer

826
00:48:42,438 --> 00:48:44,060
and birth defects in humans.

827
00:48:44,060 --> 00:48:47,409
There's a factory where
Syngenta produces atrazine.

828
00:48:47,409 --> 00:48:52,207
The prostate cancer in their
workers is 8.4 times higher.

829
00:48:52,207 --> 00:48:55,210
The U.S. Geological Survey
says they can detect it

830
00:48:55,210 --> 00:48:56,728
in the rainwater in Minnesota

831
00:48:56,728 --> 00:48:59,317
from when they're
applying it in Kansas.

832
00:48:59,317 --> 00:49:01,181
>> I'm the principle
scientist here

833
00:49:01,181 --> 00:49:03,287
at Syngenta Crop Protection.

834
00:49:03,287 --> 00:49:06,393
On the occasions where
atrazine is found

835
00:49:06,393 --> 00:49:11,364
in water it's extremely low
in the part per billion range.

836
00:49:11,364 --> 00:49:13,469
>> Starting at 0.1
parts per billion,

837
00:49:13,469 --> 00:49:15,644
we started getting
these hermaphrodites.

838
00:49:15,644 --> 00:49:19,579
And that's an incredible
number, 0.1 parts per billion.

839
00:49:19,579 --> 00:49:24,239
The drinking water standard for
atrazine is 3 parts per billion.

840
00:49:24,239 --> 00:49:27,656
That's 30 times higher than we
know is biologically harmful

841
00:49:27,656 --> 00:49:29,899
in amphibians and in fish.

842
00:49:29,899 --> 00:49:32,454
That's an average over the year.

843
00:49:32,454 --> 00:49:34,490
So at that season
when it's applied,

844
00:49:34,490 --> 00:49:35,871
it's going to be
much higher than that

845
00:49:35,871 --> 00:49:38,839
and those data now coming to
light especially in the Midwest

846
00:49:38,839 --> 00:49:41,256
where most of the
atrazine is used.

847
00:49:41,256 --> 00:49:43,879
>> Several Southern Illinois
water districts have joined a

848
00:49:43,879 --> 00:49:46,192
lawsuit against an
herbicide maker.

849
00:49:46,192 --> 00:49:49,712
And they claim the chemical
atrazine is contaminating their

850
00:49:49,712 --> 00:49:51,127
water supply.

851
00:49:51,127 --> 00:49:55,718
>> Water utilities in Illinois,
Ohio, Indiana, Missouri, Kansas,

852
00:49:55,718 --> 00:49:58,687
and Iowa are suing
Syngenta to recover the cost

853
00:49:58,687 --> 00:50:01,655
and filtering out atrazine.

854
00:50:01,655 --> 00:50:03,243
>> The company that
makes atrazine,

855
00:50:03,243 --> 00:50:04,934
they're based out
of Switzerland.

856
00:50:04,934 --> 00:50:07,351
That's a funny thing because
atrazine is effectively banned

857
00:50:07,351 --> 00:50:08,455
in Europe.

858
00:50:08,455 --> 00:50:10,664
In Europe, they utilize
something called the

859
00:50:10,664 --> 00:50:14,323
precautionary principle which
says that if there is any data

860
00:50:14,323 --> 00:50:17,809
that suggest that something is
harmful, the manufacturer has

861
00:50:17,809 --> 00:50:20,571
to prove that it's safe
or it's off the market.

862
00:50:20,571 --> 00:50:23,090
So you're guilty
until proven innocent.

863
00:50:23,090 --> 00:50:25,472
In the U.S., it's the opposite,

864
00:50:25,472 --> 00:50:26,853
you're innocent until
proven guilty.

865
00:50:26,853 --> 00:50:28,234
So the company is
charged with proving

866
00:50:28,234 --> 00:50:29,890
that their compound
is bad, otherwise,

867
00:50:29,890 --> 00:50:31,685
it stays on the market.

868
00:50:31,685 --> 00:50:33,894
>> These companies,
they're really the only ones

869
00:50:33,894 --> 00:50:36,794
with the money to pay for
all of the scientific studies

870
00:50:36,794 --> 00:50:38,899
that cost millions and
millions of dollars to do.

871
00:50:38,899 --> 00:50:44,077
More often than not,
industry are self-regulating.

872
00:50:44,077 --> 00:50:46,390
>> The goal here is
to keep your product

873
00:50:46,390 --> 00:50:49,324
on the market as
long as possible.

874
00:50:49,324 --> 00:50:50,946
So if you don't look
for a problem,

875
00:50:50,946 --> 00:50:52,258
you won't find a problem,

876
00:50:52,258 --> 00:50:55,088
and you can continue
selling your product.

877
00:50:55,088 --> 00:50:56,365
There's been some cases

878
00:50:56,365 --> 00:51:00,058
where test results are
thrown away, set aside.

879
00:51:00,058 --> 00:51:02,440
>> You know, I had
lots of friends

880
00:51:02,440 --> 00:51:03,648
who would say, "Well,
be careful."

881
00:51:03,648 --> 00:51:05,857
And I said, "What do I
have to be careful about?"

882
00:51:05,857 --> 00:51:08,895
And I was a bit surprised when
the company, their response was,

883
00:51:08,895 --> 00:51:10,690
"Well, let's make it go away."

884
00:51:10,690 --> 00:51:13,244
And then I sort of thought,
you know, this is not the kind

885
00:51:13,244 --> 00:51:17,075
of person that I want to be
that this is not the sense

886
00:51:17,075 --> 00:51:19,526
of social responsibility
that my parents,

887
00:51:19,526 --> 00:51:23,944
you know, had taught me.

888
00:51:23,944 --> 00:51:26,844
It was Albert Einstein who said,
"Those who have the privilege

889
00:51:26,844 --> 00:51:29,985
to know have the duty to act."

890
00:51:29,985 --> 00:51:33,229
I have actively advocated
for banning atrazine.

891
00:51:33,229 --> 00:51:34,645
And that's two more ovaries.

892
00:51:34,645 --> 00:51:36,371
It's not normal.

893
00:51:36,371 --> 00:51:39,305
There're
multiple sites

894
00:51:39,305 --> 00:51:43,964
where you can sign petitions
to stop the use of atrazine.

895
00:51:46,242 --> 00:51:51,247
>> The pesticide industry,
it's us versus them.

896
00:51:51,247 --> 00:51:54,009
What you do is who's ever
attacking you, you try

897
00:51:54,009 --> 00:51:55,873
and destroy their credibility.

898
00:51:55,873 --> 00:51:58,979
>> They followed me around to
meetings, they disrupt lectures

899
00:51:58,979 --> 00:52:02,086
that I'm giving, they
once filed a false claim

900
00:52:02,086 --> 00:52:04,709
that I was harassing endangered
species with my research,

901
00:52:04,709 --> 00:52:07,988
and I had armed guys
come and take me

902
00:52:07,988 --> 00:52:10,991
out of my classroom
to arrest me.

903
00:52:10,991 --> 00:52:12,648
Atrazine is used on corn.

904
00:52:12,648 --> 00:52:15,410
And corn is our number
one product.

905
00:52:15,410 --> 00:52:17,412
You're not going
to mess with corn.

906
00:52:17,412 --> 00:52:20,725
It's about corn, it's
about the ethanol lobby,

907
00:52:20,725 --> 00:52:22,727
it's the big guys.

908
00:52:27,422 --> 00:52:31,564
The first EPA hearing, I was the
only academic there presenting

909
00:52:31,564 --> 00:52:36,189
data for atrazine that
wasn't paid by Syngenta.

910
00:52:36,189 --> 00:52:38,812
You know, one of the biggest
disillusionments I've had

911
00:52:38,812 --> 00:52:42,713
in this whole thing
is with the EPA.

912
00:52:42,713 --> 00:52:47,649
>> Based on the Toxic Substances
Control Act, since 1976,

913
00:52:47,649 --> 00:52:49,961
EPA has issued regulations

914
00:52:49,961 --> 00:52:53,309
to control only five
existing chemicals determined

915
00:52:53,309 --> 00:52:55,829
to present an unreasonable risk.

916
00:52:55,829 --> 00:53:06,012
That is five out of almost
80,000 existing chemicals.

917
00:53:06,012 --> 00:53:10,085
A 2005 study found 287
different chemicals

918
00:53:10,085 --> 00:53:13,088
in the cord blood of
10 newborn babies.

919
00:53:13,088 --> 00:53:15,228
Our kids are getting
steady infusions

920
00:53:15,228 --> 00:53:19,715
of industrial chemicals before
we even give them solid food.

921
00:53:19,715 --> 00:53:23,512
I have one simple message
and that is that EPA is back

922
00:53:23,512 --> 00:53:25,652
on the job for the
American people

923
00:53:25,652 --> 00:53:30,001
to protect human --

924
00:53:30,001 --> 00:53:31,382
>> We got a new head of EPA.

925
00:53:31,382 --> 00:53:33,660
And one of the first things
he announced was, "We're going

926
00:53:33,660 --> 00:53:36,111
to reopen up this
atrazine thing."

927
00:53:36,111 --> 00:53:39,839
>> The EPA examined
well over 6000 studies

928
00:53:39,839 --> 00:53:42,704
and they reregistered
atrazine in 2006.

929
00:53:42,704 --> 00:53:46,086
So we really don't
think this is necessary.

930
00:53:46,086 --> 00:53:49,642
>> Atrazine is the poster
child for what needs to be done

931
00:53:49,642 --> 00:53:52,438
to reorganize how the
EPA evaluates the safety

932
00:53:52,438 --> 00:53:54,612
of chemicals.

933
00:53:54,612 --> 00:54:00,963
>> I've recently been joined by
39 scientists from 12 countries.

934
00:54:00,963 --> 00:54:04,829
That data is stacking
up, and I would suggest

935
00:54:04,829 --> 00:54:08,143
that it's time for action.

936
00:54:08,143 --> 00:54:09,351
>> You're talking about two

937
00:54:09,351 --> 00:54:12,078
and a half billion dollar
to growers

938
00:54:12,078 --> 00:54:13,493
who ultimately pays the price

939
00:54:13,493 --> 00:54:15,564
for higher cost that
growers have.

940
00:54:15,564 --> 00:54:17,670
>> There are times when I
just think, "Geez I'm tired."

941
00:54:17,670 --> 00:54:20,604
It's going to be interesting
to see how the EPA responds

942
00:54:20,604 --> 00:54:23,089
to this last set of reviews.

943
00:54:23,089 --> 00:54:27,611
I'm hopeful and I would
like to be optimistic.

944
00:54:27,611 --> 00:54:29,475
But it's a tough call.

945
00:54:29,475 --> 00:54:30,614
>> This new EPA?

946
00:54:30,614 --> 00:54:37,655
Is there a new --
Is there a new EPA?

947
00:54:37,655 --> 00:54:40,244
I don't see a new agency.

948
00:54:40,244 --> 00:54:43,109
I wish them luck because
they've got a hell

949
00:54:43,109 --> 00:54:45,007
of a task in front of them.

950
00:54:45,007 --> 00:54:46,215
And they're understaffed,

951
00:54:46,215 --> 00:54:48,217
they are overburdened,
and they're broke.

952
00:54:48,217 --> 00:54:53,775
There's many highly
qualified awesome human beings

953
00:54:53,775 --> 00:54:57,399
within these agencies that
want to do the right things.

954
00:54:57,399 --> 00:54:58,987
But their hands are tied.

955
00:54:58,987 --> 00:55:02,784
>> If EPA has adequate data
and wants to protect the public

956
00:55:02,784 --> 00:55:05,683
against known risk, the
law creates obstacles

957
00:55:05,683 --> 00:55:08,479
to quick and effective action.

958
00:55:08,479 --> 00:55:10,619
>> We have to stop looking
to them for the answers

959
00:55:10,619 --> 00:55:15,659
because I don't know
that they have them.

960
00:55:15,659 --> 00:55:17,523
>> Hinkley, California.

961
00:55:17,523 --> 00:55:21,147
After the worldwide attention
that came with a Hollywood film,

962
00:55:21,147 --> 00:55:22,458
people who live here thought

963
00:55:22,458 --> 00:55:24,737
that their problems would
have ended a long time ago.

964
00:55:24,737 --> 00:55:27,567
It turns out those toxic
chemicals have been spreading

965
00:55:27,567 --> 00:55:28,395
over time.

966
00:55:28,395 --> 00:55:30,743
>> I feel like Groundhog's Day.

967
00:55:30,743 --> 00:55:33,193
This huge giant utility company.

968
00:55:33,193 --> 00:55:34,712
You're still not
telling the truth.

969
00:55:34,712 --> 00:55:36,265
You're still poisoning people,
what do you want me to say?

970
00:55:36,265 --> 00:55:37,577
They're pathetic.

971
00:55:37,577 --> 00:55:40,269
You set a standard there's
no one around to enforce it.

972
00:55:40,269 --> 00:55:43,549
You can just get
away with murder.

973
00:55:43,549 --> 00:55:48,899
>> We've got to shake ourselves
out of this false sense

974
00:55:48,899 --> 00:55:51,177
of security and we're
all going to go have

975
00:55:51,177 --> 00:55:52,661
to roll our sleeves up.

976
00:56:09,160 --> 00:56:15,615
>> I'm a family farmer,
grandmother, mother, wife,

977
00:56:15,615 --> 00:56:20,482
water sentinel for the
Michigan Sierra Club.

978
00:56:20,482 --> 00:56:25,798
Most people have the bucolic
vision of a small world farm.

979
00:56:25,798 --> 00:56:28,041
When the CAFOs came in,

980
00:56:28,041 --> 00:56:36,256
we've seen a deterioration
of the communities.

981
00:56:36,256 --> 00:56:42,642
>> CAFO stands for Concentrated
Animal Feeding Operation.

982
00:56:42,642 --> 00:56:45,714
It's generally defined as
a large, industrial farm

983
00:56:45,714 --> 00:56:48,855
that has 700 or more cows.

984
00:56:48,855 --> 00:56:51,478
Where so much manure is produced
that the only way for them

985
00:56:51,478 --> 00:56:54,930
to get rid of it is to store
it in giant lagoons then

986
00:56:54,930 --> 00:56:59,555
to spread it on fields
in a liquid form.

987
00:56:59,555 --> 00:57:03,525
>> Within a 10-mile radius
here, we have over 60 lagoons

988
00:57:03,525 --> 00:57:07,702
that hold over 400
million gallons of waste.

989
00:57:12,914 --> 00:57:13,708
>> Mama, get you plate?

990
00:57:13,708 --> 00:57:19,817
What do you want?

991
00:57:19,817 --> 00:57:24,719
>> We're really concerned about
health issues with as young

992
00:57:24,719 --> 00:57:27,480
as our granddaughter is.

993
00:57:27,480 --> 00:57:29,931
>> My granddaughter could
never play in the creeks

994
00:57:29,931 --> 00:57:37,835
and the streams because
of what was happening.

995
00:57:37,835 --> 00:57:41,390
I'm just a country girl
and I've taught myself

996
00:57:41,390 --> 00:57:45,740
to do water sampling.

997
00:57:45,740 --> 00:57:48,328
You have your
antibiotics that they give

998
00:57:48,328 --> 00:57:51,746
to the animals, growth
hormones, chemicals.

999
00:57:51,746 --> 00:57:53,817
And now, you've got
a toxic waste

1000
00:57:53,817 --> 00:57:55,473
that they're spreading
untreated on land.

1001
00:57:55,473 --> 00:57:58,304
We have some bad stuff here.

1002
00:57:58,304 --> 00:58:02,549
>> Yeah, we sure do.

1003
00:58:02,549 --> 00:58:06,174
>> I have lots of names.

1004
00:58:06,174 --> 00:58:08,452
The white haired
witch, the pooper razzi,

1005
00:58:08,452 --> 00:58:15,045
shit huggers, a lot I can't say.

1006
00:58:17,047 --> 00:58:19,290
The.

1007
00:58:19,290 --> 00:58:20,015
>> Yes, they there are.

1008
00:58:20,015 --> 00:58:21,534
>> Here they come.

1009
00:58:21,534 --> 00:58:24,882
They're
to the illegal lagoon.

1010
00:58:24,882 --> 00:58:26,263
He's dumping right now.

1011
00:58:26,263 --> 00:58:28,127
Look at him shoot it out.

1012
00:58:28,127 --> 00:58:32,338
>> In
Michigan, a lot of the problems

1013
00:58:32,338 --> 00:58:34,754
that we've had deal
with the CAFOs

1014
00:58:34,754 --> 00:58:36,756
that have dairy cows at them.

1015
00:58:36,756 --> 00:58:39,207
And the reason for that is
just simply the amount of waste

1016
00:58:39,207 --> 00:58:44,557
that the cow generates, 150
pounds of manure every day.

1017
00:58:44,557 --> 00:58:51,564
>> One cow would equal 23 humans
for the same amount of waste.

1018
00:58:51,564 --> 00:58:55,361
>> So, when you're talking about
a dairy that has 5 or 6000 cows

1019
00:58:55,361 --> 00:58:57,915
on it, you're really talking the
amount of waste being produced

1020
00:58:57,915 --> 00:59:00,711
in a day that a fairly large
site city would be producing.

1021
00:59:00,711 --> 00:59:03,852
>> You know, it reminds
you of the Jim Carrey movie

1022
00:59:03,852 --> 00:59:07,545
where you want to say, "Stop
breaking the law, asshole."

1023
00:59:07,545 --> 00:59:11,895
>> She's
someone that, you know,

1024
00:59:11,895 --> 00:59:14,794
everyone in our department
knows quite well.

1025
00:59:14,794 --> 00:59:16,313
And I mean, she's
often the first one

1026
00:59:16,313 --> 00:59:18,867
out there with a camera.

1027
00:59:18,867 --> 00:59:20,213
We just
can't be out here every day,

1028
00:59:20,213 --> 00:59:21,525
we don't have the
resources to do it.

1029
00:59:21,525 --> 00:59:26,219
>> Okay, so the first we're
passing is.

1030
00:59:26,219 --> 00:59:31,673
I have never seen them
that full, unbelievable.

1031
00:59:33,813 --> 00:59:36,747
>> You can see where the
dead trees are in the corner.

1032
00:59:36,747 --> 00:59:41,062
With that overflow into the
corner; the lagoon is leaking.

1033
00:59:41,062 --> 00:59:43,305
>> Her work has come directly

1034
00:59:43,305 --> 00:59:46,722
to the table based
on what we've gotten.

1035
00:59:46,722 --> 00:59:51,486
We have reason to
deny this permit now.

1036
00:59:51,486 --> 00:59:55,317
>> The emissions
coming of, it's putrid.

1037
00:59:55,317 --> 00:59:59,735
I have lost a third of my
lung capacity from my work.

1038
01:00:03,809 --> 01:00:05,741
>> Once the damage has occurred,

1039
01:00:05,741 --> 01:00:08,606
there isn't anything
that's going to restore you

1040
01:00:08,606 --> 01:00:10,885
to a normal state of health.

1041
01:00:10,885 --> 01:00:14,509
So, I think avoidance
is the key.

1042
01:00:14,509 --> 01:00:17,201
>> Okay.

1043
01:00:17,201 --> 01:00:20,549
>> The illness is
associated with the bacteria

1044
01:00:20,549 --> 01:00:27,418
from CAFOs can be deadly.

1045
01:00:27,418 --> 01:00:31,871
Ecoli 0157, there is no
medical treatment for that.

1046
01:00:31,871 --> 01:00:33,908
>> We've seen readings
as high as seven

1047
01:00:33,908 --> 01:00:37,290
and a half million Ecoli.

1048
01:00:37,290 --> 01:00:40,017
>> When people think, "Well,
it's just one stream, you know,

1049
01:00:40,017 --> 01:00:41,985
it's not that big of a deal."

1050
01:00:41,985 --> 01:00:44,850
All of the waterways in Michigan
are connected in one way

1051
01:00:44,850 --> 01:00:47,507
or another through surface
waters or through ground water.

1052
01:00:47,507 --> 01:00:49,751
It's really all one
big lake in a sense.

1053
01:00:49,751 --> 01:00:52,858
>> Well, it's a different
kind of trouble for the waters

1054
01:00:52,858 --> 01:00:55,205
of Lake Erie right now, algae.

1055
01:00:55,205 --> 01:00:57,897
>> Some blooms may be in
the city's drinking water.

1056
01:00:57,897 --> 01:00:59,554
>> The EPA is warning people

1057
01:00:59,554 --> 01:01:01,487
to limit their contact
with the water.

1058
01:01:01,487 --> 01:01:02,798
But those warnings didn't seem

1059
01:01:02,798 --> 01:01:05,732
to worry many people
at the beach today.

1060
01:01:10,289 --> 01:01:15,432
>> It's only a matter of time
before we have a catastrophe

1061
01:01:15,432 --> 01:01:17,883
because of all of the runoff

1062
01:01:17,883 --> 01:01:21,541
that is going in
to our waterways.

1063
01:01:21,541 --> 01:01:24,613
>> A lot of people have
gotten so frustrated.

1064
01:01:24,613 --> 01:01:25,200
They've moved.

1065
01:01:25,200 --> 01:01:25,994
They've sold.

1066
01:01:25,994 --> 01:01:30,930
They've given up.

1067
01:01:30,930 --> 01:01:33,001
>> One they had seen
me out monitoring,

1068
01:01:33,001 --> 01:01:35,970
I started getting
harassment and intimidation.

1069
01:01:35,970 --> 01:01:43,494
Dead animals left in my mailbox,
on my front porch and my car.

1070
01:01:43,494 --> 01:01:46,152
The most recent was my
two-year-old granddaughter's

1071
01:01:46,152 --> 01:01:47,567
bedroom window was shot out.

1072
01:01:47,567 --> 01:01:52,710
She was sleeping in her
bed when it happened.

1073
01:01:52,710 --> 01:01:57,992
If you're going to be a
cowardly enough to hurt a child,

1074
01:01:57,992 --> 01:02:02,134
then we really need to look
at this issue much harder

1075
01:02:02,134 --> 01:02:04,550
because people are at risk.

1076
01:02:04,550 --> 01:02:07,449
Watch your step.

1077
01:02:07,449 --> 01:02:10,866
We try and get on site and off
the site within two minutes.

1078
01:02:10,866 --> 01:02:11,729
>> You're McGyver.

1079
01:02:12,282 --> 01:02:13,628
>> Here.

1080
01:02:13,628 --> 01:02:16,942
>> The McGyver of water testing.

1081
01:02:16,942 --> 01:02:18,874
>> We're just middle-aged
women that, you know,

1082
01:02:18,874 --> 01:02:21,947
sensible shoes are not
the answer no more.

1083
01:02:21,947 --> 01:02:27,573
It's not bad,
it's pretty warm.

1084
01:02:27,573 --> 01:02:30,024
>> It isn't too bad, is it?

1085
01:02:32,060 --> 01:02:40,896
>> The water is cold.

1086
01:02:40,896 --> 01:02:41,967
>> It's warm.

1087
01:02:41,967 --> 01:02:44,038
>> It's not one lake
that's contaminated,

1088
01:02:44,038 --> 01:02:49,595
it's 30, it's 300, it's 3000.

1089
01:02:49,595 --> 01:02:54,703
Every single state has emailed
me with some sort of problem.

1090
01:02:59,985 --> 01:03:02,988
25,000 inquiries in
a month to the point

1091
01:03:02,988 --> 01:03:05,921
where I've actually
started to create a map.

1092
01:03:05,921 --> 01:03:11,168
And what's scaring us is we
still have 700 more entries

1093
01:03:11,168 --> 01:03:12,514
to imput.

1094
01:03:12,514 --> 01:03:16,794
So, we're able to start
connecting those dots

1095
01:03:16,794 --> 01:03:20,557
to get some kind
of -- there's just

1096
01:03:20,557 --> 01:03:24,319
so many accounts
of contamination.

1097
01:03:24,319 --> 01:03:28,910
>> You got a fish kill
here on the Neuse River.

1098
01:03:28,910 --> 01:03:30,567
We've lost over a billion fish.

1099
01:03:30,567 --> 01:03:33,018
Today, we're burying them on
the beach with bulldozers.

1100
01:03:33,018 --> 01:03:37,815
>> We would take a glass
of water out of the tap,

1101
01:03:37,815 --> 01:03:39,783
smell like diesel fuel.

1102
01:03:39,783 --> 01:03:44,374
My life is over without
my water.

1103
01:03:44,374 --> 01:03:47,756
>> Six of our neighbors within a
10-house span have brain tumors

1104
01:03:47,756 --> 01:03:49,793
and half of them died.

1105
01:03:49,793 --> 01:03:51,933
It was like, "Oh my
gosh, it's in the water.

1106
01:03:51,933 --> 01:03:53,590
We got to get the kids
out of here, you know,

1107
01:03:53,590 --> 01:03:56,524
we've got to do something."

1108
01:03:56,524 --> 01:03:58,457
>> So, all of a sudden, it's
like, "I can't just talk to you

1109
01:03:58,457 --> 01:04:01,080
about Hinkley,"because"Oh, it
makes me think of what's going

1110
01:04:01,080 --> 01:04:06,189
on in Arizona, and Alabama,
and Washington, and Texas,"

1111
01:04:06,189 --> 01:04:09,744
because it's happening
everywhere.

1112
01:04:09,744 --> 01:04:12,816
So, I just feel like this
is my contribution to take

1113
01:04:12,816 --> 01:04:16,199
in the information and
doing something with it.

1114
01:04:16,199 --> 01:04:20,306
In hopes that I can get it
somewhere or a message out

1115
01:04:20,306 --> 01:04:27,865
and do something about it.

1116
01:04:27,865 --> 01:04:30,627
>> You're reading too many times

1117
01:04:30,627 --> 01:04:36,874
and then you just
start getting antsy.

1118
01:04:36,874 --> 01:04:38,876
>> Okay. I am antsy.

1119
01:04:38,876 --> 01:04:40,154
>> You'll be fine.

1120
01:04:40,154 --> 01:04:43,018
So, what do you think after
all these years and six --

1121
01:04:43,018 --> 01:04:45,228
>> Are you going to make some
comment about me being 50 again?

1122
01:04:45,228 --> 01:04:46,746
>> Yeah, there you go.

1123
01:04:46,746 --> 01:04:48,990
You are an old hag.

1124
01:04:48,990 --> 01:04:50,371
You've been hanging
around Hinkley too much.

1125
01:04:50,371 --> 01:04:52,856
I think chromium-6
causes wrinkles.

1126
01:04:52,856 --> 01:04:56,101
>> You're such an ass.

1127
01:04:56,101 --> 01:04:58,310
You know what, Bob,
I could still kick your ass.

1128
01:04:58,310 --> 01:04:59,414
>> Absolutely.

1129
01:04:59,414 --> 01:05:07,284
>> These communities
are sending out an SOS.

1130
01:05:07,284 --> 01:05:10,115
Yet the system for
investigating, responding

1131
01:05:10,115 --> 01:05:13,463
and reporting these
concerns is inadequate.

1132
01:05:13,463 --> 01:05:16,328
>> Could I -- could
somebody hold up that map?

1133
01:05:16,328 --> 01:05:19,296
It's unbelievable to me
that they would call you,

1134
01:05:19,296 --> 01:05:20,746
rather than call
the EPA or the NIH.

1135
01:05:20,746 --> 01:05:24,991
>> These people have said,

1136
01:05:24,991 --> 01:05:28,754
"We just don't know
where else to go."

1137
01:05:28,754 --> 01:05:31,170
>> It's a daunting process.

1138
01:05:31,170 --> 01:05:33,483
But just burying your head

1139
01:05:33,483 --> 01:05:36,969
in the sand isn't
little work anymore.

1140
01:05:36,969 --> 01:05:41,318
And for everybody else who's
not out there, Mr. Policymaker,

1141
01:05:41,318 --> 01:05:44,183
you better come out
here and take a look

1142
01:05:44,183 --> 01:05:45,426
at what's really going on.

1143
01:05:45,426 --> 01:05:47,635
So, don't get lost
in your bubble.

1144
01:05:47,635 --> 01:05:50,362
Don't get stuck up there in
your ivory tower and think

1145
01:05:50,362 --> 01:05:51,984
that the world out
here doesn't exist

1146
01:05:51,984 --> 01:05:53,296
around you because it does.

1147
01:05:53,296 --> 01:05:55,505
And it's happening.

1148
01:05:55,505 --> 01:05:57,679
So, see now you pissed me off.

1149
01:06:02,926 --> 01:06:06,378
Everywhere I go,
it's a huge question.

1150
01:06:06,378 --> 01:06:08,345
What am I supposed to drink?

1151
01:06:08,345 --> 01:06:11,693
We can't survive on Diet Coke.

1152
01:06:16,940 --> 01:06:20,254
>> When I'm in New York, I
typically drink bottled water.

1153
01:06:20,254 --> 01:06:23,636
>> I try to buy bottled water
because it just tastes cleaner.

1154
01:06:23,636 --> 01:06:26,743
>> I have some friends who
only drink bottled water.

1155
01:06:26,743 --> 01:06:27,606
They keep it in their fridge.

1156
01:06:27,606 --> 01:06:28,848
They would never
touch tap water.

1157
01:06:28,848 --> 01:06:33,508
They think it's disgusting.

1158
01:06:33,508 --> 01:06:35,510
>> When I was growing
up in New York City,

1159
01:06:35,510 --> 01:06:37,374
we never drank bottled water.

1160
01:06:37,374 --> 01:06:39,514
There was no bottled water.

1161
01:06:39,514 --> 01:06:41,413
Today, the United States
is the largest consumer

1162
01:06:41,413 --> 01:06:43,346
of bottled water in the world.

1163
01:06:43,346 --> 01:06:47,212
We're just increasingly fearful
of what comes out of our tap.

1164
01:06:47,212 --> 01:06:48,316
That's a problem.

1165
01:06:48,316 --> 01:06:50,870
But the solution is not
to drink bottled water.

1166
01:06:50,870 --> 01:06:52,838
>> I'd say bottled water
is probably regulated more

1167
01:06:52,838 --> 01:06:54,978
frequently just because
they have to sell it.

1168
01:06:54,978 --> 01:06:58,223
And so, obviously it has to
go through a ton of tests.

1169
01:06:58,223 --> 01:07:01,778
>> Bottled water's
regulated not by the U.S. EPA

1170
01:07:01,778 --> 01:07:03,124
which regulates our tap water.

1171
01:07:03,124 --> 01:07:05,368
But it's regulated as a
food product by the Food

1172
01:07:05,368 --> 01:07:06,783
and Drug Administration.

1173
01:07:06,783 --> 01:07:07,956
The testing is done

1174
01:07:07,956 --> 01:07:09,717
by the bottled water
companies themselves,

1175
01:07:09,717 --> 01:07:11,788
it's not as frequent.

1176
01:07:11,788 --> 01:07:14,549
I had to file some Freedom
of Information Act request

1177
01:07:14,549 --> 01:07:17,449
and it turns out there have
been more than a hundred cases

1178
01:07:17,449 --> 01:07:20,521
of bottled water recalls
that we know about for things

1179
01:07:20,521 --> 01:07:24,179
like Coliform bacteria,
sanitizer, mold,

1180
01:07:24,179 --> 01:07:27,838
glass particles,
crickets or cricket parts.

1181
01:07:27,838 --> 01:07:32,740
There's been just an
incredible marketing campaign

1182
01:07:32,740 --> 01:07:36,433
that convinces us that buying
bottled water is a smart

1183
01:07:36,433 --> 01:07:40,541
and rational thing to do rather
than an act of irrationality.

1184
01:07:40,541 --> 01:07:43,682
You buy Arctic Spring water and
it turns out it doesn't come

1185
01:07:43,682 --> 01:07:45,270
from anywhere near the Arctic.

1186
01:07:45,270 --> 01:07:49,170
Forty five percent
of the water sold

1187
01:07:49,170 --> 01:07:51,172
in the U.S. originates
as tap water.

1188
01:07:51,172 --> 01:07:56,350
We built an incredible tap
water system in this country and

1189
01:07:56,350 --> 01:07:58,835
yet we've forgotten
what it used to be like.

1190
01:07:58,835 --> 01:08:02,701
In New York City,
tens of thousands

1191
01:08:02,701 --> 01:08:05,980
of people were dying wave
after wave of cholera.

1192
01:08:05,980 --> 01:08:09,811
We got rid of water-related
diseases

1193
01:08:09,811 --> 01:08:14,264
when the U.S. built a high
quality municipal water system.

1194
01:08:14,264 --> 01:08:16,680
If we were to abandon that
system, what's the rest

1195
01:08:16,680 --> 01:08:17,681
of the world going to do?

1196
01:08:17,681 --> 01:08:18,786
They're going to
think, "All right, well,

1197
01:08:18,786 --> 01:08:20,926
we'll just make bottled
water too.

1198
01:08:20,926 --> 01:08:23,446
And the poorest people
are going to end

1199
01:08:23,446 --> 01:08:26,897
up drinking contaminated water."

1200
01:08:26,897 --> 01:08:28,520
>> There's water
in the new stadium

1201
01:08:28,520 --> 01:08:31,177
in concession stand coolers
stacked against the wall,

1202
01:08:31,177 --> 01:08:34,215
but on the walls outside
the restrooms, none.

1203
01:08:34,215 --> 01:08:36,735
Under 2001 Code, bottled
water can take the place

1204
01:08:36,735 --> 01:08:37,805
of drinking fountains,

1205
01:08:37,805 --> 01:08:39,807
that's what you UCF
will do on Saturday.

1206
01:08:39,807 --> 01:08:43,776
>> Their first game
was a hot day.

1207
01:08:43,776 --> 01:08:46,883
They ran out of bottled water
halfway through the game.

1208
01:08:46,883 --> 01:08:49,368
>> A dozen and a half
taken to the hospital.

1209
01:08:49,368 --> 01:08:52,923
UCS new football stadium
ran out of drinking water.

1210
01:08:52,923 --> 01:08:56,789
>> It's a way to
convert a public resource

1211
01:08:56,789 --> 01:08:59,274
into a private good
and a commodity.

1212
01:08:59,274 --> 01:09:03,658
The answer has got to be high
quality safe water for everyone.

1213
01:09:03,658 --> 01:09:08,007
There are billion people without
access to safe drinking water.

1214
01:09:08,007 --> 01:09:13,185
One of the most poignant images
is the woman lugging very heavy

1215
01:09:13,185 --> 01:09:15,429
bottles of water
back to their homes.

1216
01:09:15,429 --> 01:09:17,327
While here in the United States,

1217
01:09:17,327 --> 01:09:20,399
we have suburban shoppers
lugging cases of water back

1218
01:09:20,399 --> 01:09:25,577
to a home that has
perfectly potable water in it.

1219
01:09:25,577 --> 01:09:28,511
There are a lot of old
decaying pipes out there,

1220
01:09:28,511 --> 01:09:32,238
we need to upgrade the entire
infrastructure and get rid

1221
01:09:32,238 --> 01:09:35,138
of the new contaminants
that we're finding.

1222
01:09:35,138 --> 01:09:37,623
And in the end, what we
spend would be far less

1223
01:09:37,623 --> 01:09:42,732
than what we would spend
to buy bottled water.

1224
01:09:42,732 --> 01:09:46,149
The question is how can
we regain public trust

1225
01:09:46,149 --> 01:09:51,257
in our water system?

1226
01:09:51,257 --> 01:09:53,639
>> This is a brand
new bottle of water.

1227
01:09:53,639 --> 01:09:56,746
I'm going to open the
seal, and I'm going

1228
01:09:56,746 --> 01:10:00,888
to pour it into this glass.

1229
01:10:00,888 --> 01:10:03,097
Now, can I have our next course?

1230
01:10:03,097 --> 01:10:05,548
Now, what we have here
is two cockroaches.

1231
01:10:05,548 --> 01:10:10,069
I'm going to take one of them.

1232
01:10:10,069 --> 01:10:11,795
And I'm going to
put it in the water

1233
01:10:11,795 --> 01:10:13,763
and take it out, just like that.

1234
01:10:13,763 --> 01:10:15,281
Flick, flick.

1235
01:10:15,281 --> 01:10:20,459
Now, how about a
sip of this water?

1236
01:10:20,459 --> 01:10:23,289
You don't want it.

1237
01:10:23,289 --> 01:10:26,396
Nobody will drink this water.

1238
01:10:26,396 --> 01:10:30,262
They say, "It's a cockroach,
you cockroached the water."

1239
01:10:30,262 --> 01:10:34,197
Somehow, cockroachness
has entered into the water

1240
01:10:34,197 --> 01:10:37,683
and that's the point,
that's contagion.

1241
01:10:37,683 --> 01:10:39,478
I study disgust.

1242
01:10:39,478 --> 01:10:41,480
There's a veneer of fear.

1243
01:10:41,480 --> 01:10:44,759
Fear is an easy account
for why you're disgusted,

1244
01:10:44,759 --> 01:10:46,174
but often it's not that.

1245
01:10:46,174 --> 01:10:47,624
It's much deeper.

1246
01:10:47,624 --> 01:10:50,972
And this is a plastic cockroach.

1247
01:10:50,972 --> 01:10:55,632
Now, how would you like
to drink this water?

1248
01:10:55,632 --> 01:10:58,324
You don't want to see that
this isn't a real cockroach,

1249
01:10:58,324 --> 01:11:00,465
it's just a piece of rubber.

1250
01:11:00,465 --> 01:11:02,984
Disgust is never
really rational.

1251
01:11:02,984 --> 01:11:05,470
The problem is a mental problem

1252
01:11:05,470 --> 01:11:09,750
and this thinking can be
applied to recycled water.

1253
01:11:09,750 --> 01:11:14,133
The
simplest way to get water is

1254
01:11:14,133 --> 01:11:16,722
to take the water you've
just used and make it

1255
01:11:16,722 --> 01:11:20,864
into usable water again,
that's recycled water.

1256
01:11:20,864 --> 01:11:23,108
Recycled water is
generally thought

1257
01:11:23,108 --> 01:11:26,456
to be the solution
to water shortage.

1258
01:11:26,456 --> 01:11:30,184
It's safe, it's efficient,
it's ecologically sound,

1259
01:11:30,184 --> 01:11:35,327
it makes total sense
but it's offensive.

1260
01:11:35,327 --> 01:11:41,402
Now, Singapore has handled
this problem rather well.

1261
01:11:41,402 --> 01:11:45,751
>> We are just a little island
but very densely populated.

1262
01:11:45,751 --> 01:11:47,615
In Singapore, no raw sewage

1263
01:11:47,615 --> 01:11:50,894
or used water go
south into the sea.

1264
01:11:50,894 --> 01:11:53,000
Because we recycle it,
producing a product

1265
01:11:53,000 --> 01:11:55,485
that we call "New Water".

1266
01:11:55,485 --> 01:11:59,006
We don't even use the term
sewage, we just tell them,

1267
01:11:59,006 --> 01:12:04,287
you know, "It's used water."

1268
01:12:04,287 --> 01:12:09,637
The concern of course was
how would people respond.

1269
01:12:09,637 --> 01:12:14,918
And so, we explain the
technology behind your water

1270
01:12:14,918 --> 01:12:16,782
with reverse osmosis.

1271
01:12:16,782 --> 01:12:20,959
What you get is practically
just new water.

1272
01:12:20,959 --> 01:12:23,306
In solving our water problems,

1273
01:12:23,306 --> 01:12:27,137
I think we have turned what
has been a vulnerability if you

1274
01:12:27,137 --> 01:12:29,726
like into a strength
for Singapore.

1275
01:12:29,726 --> 01:12:33,247
Thirty percent of Singapore's
water supply will come

1276
01:12:33,247 --> 01:12:35,629
from new water.

1277
01:12:35,629 --> 01:12:38,493
>> Ironically, recycled water
can be the cleanest water

1278
01:12:38,493 --> 01:12:40,081
out there.

1279
01:12:40,081 --> 01:12:42,325
Every highly stressed city ought

1280
01:12:42,325 --> 01:12:44,638
to be considering
using recycled water.

1281
01:12:44,638 --> 01:12:51,403
>> How about a cold glass
of recycled sewer water.

1282
01:12:51,403 --> 01:12:53,336
Sounds pretty disgusting,
doesn't it?

1283
01:12:53,336 --> 01:12:56,235
>> Other California cities
are also looking into the idea

1284
01:12:56,235 --> 01:12:59,514
that they are wary of the
public reacting, "Yuck!"

1285
01:12:59,514 --> 01:13:03,070
>> We got involved, we
talked to the people

1286
01:13:03,070 --> 01:13:05,693
who run the recycled
water facilities.

1287
01:13:05,693 --> 01:13:08,903
The problem wasn't making
the water pure, it is pure.

1288
01:13:08,903 --> 01:13:11,492
The problem was convincing
people to drink it.

1289
01:13:11,492 --> 01:13:15,185
>> Out of stormy public hearing,
many citizens blasted the plan.

1290
01:13:15,185 --> 01:13:17,498
>> Don't ever let this
happen to the public.

1291
01:13:17,498 --> 01:13:21,191
>> Cities have struggled to
introduce recycled water.

1292
01:13:21,191 --> 01:13:24,919
They couldn't get
past the yuck factor.

1293
01:13:24,919 --> 01:13:27,197
>> The principle of
contagion is that once

1294
01:13:27,197 --> 01:13:30,062
in contact always in contact.

1295
01:13:30,062 --> 01:13:32,202
In the case of recycled water,

1296
01:13:32,202 --> 01:13:35,274
the image of its origin
is just too clear.

1297
01:13:35,274 --> 01:13:44,076
>> We live by necessity
in the contaminated world.

1298
01:13:44,076 --> 01:13:50,738
We face disgusting
contamination all the time.

1299
01:13:50,738 --> 01:13:54,121
We just get through life
like with a lot of things

1300
01:13:54,121 --> 01:13:57,331
by basically not
thinking about it.

1301
01:13:57,331 --> 01:14:00,506
All water comes from sewage but
the point is you don't think

1302
01:14:00,506 --> 01:14:02,025
about it when you turn your tap.

1303
01:14:02,025 --> 01:14:05,546
>> You can see Nicole
is demonstrating a --

1304
01:14:05,546 --> 01:14:10,102
on the inside is the
urine tunnel that's used

1305
01:14:10,102 --> 01:14:10,896
in the stations over there.

1306
01:14:10,896 --> 01:14:13,209
>> Astronauts recycle water.

1307
01:14:13,209 --> 01:14:15,038
They're drinking
the processed urine

1308
01:14:15,038 --> 01:14:18,007
of not just themselves
but other people.

1309
01:14:18,007 --> 01:14:21,424
It's a potential
universe of disgust.

1310
01:14:21,424 --> 01:14:22,770
>> Of course, that's something

1311
01:14:22,770 --> 01:14:26,015
that every shuttle crew member
wants to see if it's really

1312
01:14:26,015 --> 01:14:27,223
as good as they say it is.

1313
01:14:27,223 --> 01:14:30,260
>> Probably by the end
of a week of a mission,

1314
01:14:30,260 --> 01:14:32,331
they're not even
thinking about it.

1315
01:14:32,331 --> 01:14:36,059
>> Here's a toast to everybody
drinking the recycled urine.

1316
01:14:36,059 --> 01:14:37,336
>> There's a general principles

1317
01:14:37,336 --> 01:14:39,097
in psychology called
mere exposure.

1318
01:14:39,097 --> 01:14:42,583
If you're exposed to
something that's not negative,

1319
01:14:42,583 --> 01:14:44,171
you tend to get to like it.

1320
01:14:44,171 --> 01:14:47,519
So, part of the problem
is getting recycled water

1321
01:14:47,519 --> 01:14:50,142
into people.

1322
01:14:50,142 --> 01:14:55,251
Bottled water has a positive
image, safety and purity.

1323
01:14:55,251 --> 01:14:58,150
Ironically, people
might be willing to pay

1324
01:14:58,150 --> 01:15:01,775
for recycled water but not
to drink it from the tap.

1325
01:15:01,775 --> 01:15:06,331
What a crazy idea that
is, but it might be true.

1326
01:15:06,331 --> 01:15:10,991
The guys who sold bottled water
to Americans should be working

1327
01:15:10,991 --> 01:15:15,305
on selling recycled
water to Americans.

1328
01:15:15,305 --> 01:15:17,238
>> So Paul, we've been tasked

1329
01:15:17,238 --> 01:15:19,309
with creating a marketing
campaign

1330
01:15:19,309 --> 01:15:23,382
to help introduce the idea
of reclaimed water to people.

1331
01:15:23,382 --> 01:15:26,523
How do we sort of overcome
the physical rejection

1332
01:15:26,523 --> 01:15:28,008
that people might
have over trying

1333
01:15:28,008 --> 01:15:29,630
to drink something like this?

1334
01:15:29,630 --> 01:15:31,805
>> I think we -- when
we do these researches,

1335
01:15:31,805 --> 01:15:33,945
we use Hitler's sweater,
would you be willing

1336
01:15:33,945 --> 01:15:35,567
to wear Hitler's sweater, okay?

1337
01:15:35,567 --> 01:15:36,706
And for most

1338
01:15:36,706 --> 01:15:39,571
people, even after you
clean it and wash it,

1339
01:15:39,571 --> 01:15:41,435
and changed the color
into anything you want,

1340
01:15:41,435 --> 01:15:43,817
they still don't
want to wear it.

1341
01:15:43,817 --> 01:15:45,335
The only way we can
possibly get people to wear

1342
01:15:45,335 --> 01:15:48,960
Hitler's sweater is to
actually put it on Mother Teresa

1343
01:15:48,960 --> 01:15:51,825
or Michael Jordan, or
whoever your hero is.

1344
01:15:51,825 --> 01:15:55,760
So that their spirit enters
and conquers Hitler's spirit.

1345
01:15:55,760 --> 01:15:58,383
>> So, if someone finds
something disgusting,

1346
01:15:58,383 --> 01:15:59,867
it is possible for them
to change their mind

1347
01:15:59,867 --> 01:16:01,213
on something like that?

1348
01:16:01,213 --> 01:16:02,456
>> Yes, we all do that.

1349
01:16:02,456 --> 01:16:06,253
People go into public
toilets and they survive!

1350
01:16:06,253 --> 01:16:07,599
Everyone is managing.

1351
01:16:07,599 --> 01:16:11,983
By the way, there's a new
book just written on this

1352
01:16:11,983 --> 01:16:15,745
by Peter Gleick, G-L-E-I-C-K.

1353
01:16:15,745 --> 01:16:16,539
>> Morning.

1354
01:16:16,539 --> 01:16:17,091
>> Morning.

1355
01:16:17,091 --> 01:16:17,782
>> Good morning.

1356
01:16:17,782 --> 01:16:18,955
>> I'm Peter Gleick.

1357
01:16:18,955 --> 01:16:20,612
There's so much money to
be made in bottled water.

1358
01:16:20,612 --> 01:16:23,580
Money that municipal agencies
don't have for advertising,

1359
01:16:23,580 --> 01:16:25,203
it's not a fair fight.

1360
01:16:25,203 --> 01:16:29,207
>> This one is I Am
Lucky, eternally pure,

1361
01:16:29,207 --> 01:16:32,175
no nasty side effects like
stinky breath or rotten teeth.

1362
01:16:32,175 --> 01:16:33,452
>> I always worry
about that with water.

1363
01:16:33,452 --> 01:16:36,248
>> How hard is this
particular challenge?

1364
01:16:36,248 --> 01:16:38,423
>> The idea of raw sewage
going in tap

1365
01:16:38,423 --> 01:16:41,978
and literally being able to
drink it convincing consumers

1366
01:16:41,978 --> 01:16:45,740
of that I think is
almost impossible.

1367
01:16:51,332 --> 01:16:55,302
So I can kick this off with one
of my favorite names on the wall

1368
01:16:55,302 --> 01:16:57,891
and has to be Porcelain Springs.

1369
01:16:57,891 --> 01:17:00,100
And Porcelain has certain
connotations that, you know,

1370
01:17:00,100 --> 01:17:01,515
white, you know, clean.

1371
01:17:01,515 --> 01:17:04,311
>> It doesn't attempt
to talk very directly

1372
01:17:04,311 --> 01:17:06,106
about getting over disgust.

1373
01:17:06,106 --> 01:17:08,522
There is, get over it,
because it just looks

1374
01:17:08,522 --> 01:17:10,351
like something you'd
find at IKEA.

1375
01:17:10,351 --> 01:17:11,180
It really
does though.

1376
01:17:11,180 --> 01:17:12,837
I mean, that's -- if I were --

1377
01:17:12,837 --> 01:17:13,630
>> Where's the?

1378
01:17:13,630 --> 01:17:15,701
>> We got 80 more names.

1379
01:17:15,701 --> 01:17:18,946
There better be
a winner in there somewhere.

1380
01:17:18,946 --> 01:17:20,292
So we go with.

1381
01:17:20,292 --> 01:17:25,919
That's the sense
we were going with.

1382
01:17:25,919 --> 01:17:29,301
>> So when we last met, we
narrowed it down to six names

1383
01:17:29,301 --> 01:17:33,064
that we thought were successful,
started with Porcelain Springs.

1384
01:17:33,064 --> 01:17:36,239
>> Water from the most
peaceful place on earth.

1385
01:17:36,239 --> 01:17:38,655
This bottle
contains purified sewage water

1386
01:17:38,655 --> 01:17:39,864
and you get that.

1387
01:17:39,864 --> 01:17:42,970
>> Future Water, so the
choice you have to make is

1388
01:17:42,970 --> 01:17:46,767
to drink the solution
or ignore the problem.

1389
01:17:46,767 --> 01:17:49,908
>> Celebrity endorsement or
you could try to get someone

1390
01:17:49,908 --> 01:17:52,877
who has already got a
reputation that's relevant just

1391
01:17:52,877 --> 01:17:55,362
like Al -- let's say Al Gore.

1392
01:17:55,362 --> 01:17:58,986
On the other hand, it might be
Newt Gingrich who doesn't have

1393
01:17:58,986 --> 01:18:03,025
that reputation, a person
who's universally respected

1394
01:18:03,025 --> 01:18:06,131
could help.

1395
01:18:06,856 --> 01:18:07,995
>> Hey, sorry I'm late.

1396
01:18:07,995 --> 01:18:09,203
>> Don't worry about it.

1397
01:18:09,203 --> 01:18:11,309
>> We're going to save
the fucking world, right?

1398
01:18:12,379 --> 01:18:13,380
>> Jack, we're so
excited you've agreed

1399
01:18:13,380 --> 01:18:14,415
to be the face of
Porcelain Springs.

1400
01:18:14,415 --> 01:18:17,763
>> I can't wait to
taste this stuff.

1401
01:18:17,763 --> 01:18:19,420
>> I was like, "Jack
is going to love this."

1402
01:18:19,420 --> 01:18:22,320
They're literally straining
the poop juice right

1403
01:18:22,320 --> 01:18:26,013
out of the water
that you and I drink.

1404
01:18:26,013 --> 01:18:29,292
>> Okay, quiet out here.

1405
01:18:29,292 --> 01:18:31,536
Whenever you want to, Jack.

1406
01:18:31,536 --> 01:18:34,677
>> Yeah, it's just
a mental thing.

1407
01:18:34,677 --> 01:18:37,714
Yeah.

1408
01:18:42,685 --> 01:18:44,998
>> Yeah!

1409
01:18:44,998 --> 01:18:48,311
Woo!

1410
01:18:48,311 --> 01:18:49,416
>> It really tastes good.

1411
01:18:49,416 --> 01:18:51,901
>> This is someone I
think I'd like to trust.

1412
01:18:51,901 --> 01:18:53,006
>> He's my man.

1413
01:18:53,006 --> 01:18:54,766
I would be drinking
whatever he's drinking.

1414
01:18:54,766 --> 01:18:55,974
>> So Porcelain Springs,

1415
01:18:55,974 --> 01:18:58,666
it's water from the most
peaceful place on earth.

1416
01:18:58,666 --> 01:18:59,598
>> The river.

1417
01:18:59,598 --> 01:19:01,704
>> Where is the Porcelain
Springs?

1418
01:19:02,912 --> 01:19:06,019
>> It's French.

1419
01:19:06,019 --> 01:19:06,674
>> Get?

1420
01:19:07,227 --> 01:19:08,055
>> Get over it.

1421
01:19:08,055 --> 01:19:10,678
>> Get over it, okay, got it.

1422
01:19:10,678 --> 01:19:12,749
>> Porcelain -- oh, Porcelain
Springs, we're idiots.

1423
01:19:12,749 --> 01:19:15,476
>> This bottle contains
purified sewage water.

1424
01:19:15,476 --> 01:19:16,822
>> Sewage water?

1425
01:19:16,822 --> 01:19:17,409
>> Yuck.

1426
01:19:17,409 --> 01:19:18,238
>> Awesome.

1427
01:19:18,238 --> 01:19:19,860
>> This is a little scary to me.

1428
01:19:19,860 --> 01:19:21,034
>> We're recycling water.

1429
01:19:21,034 --> 01:19:22,173
>> Tell me, that sounds great.

1430
01:19:22,173 --> 01:19:22,967
>> That's good.

1431
01:19:22,967 --> 01:19:24,865
>> The sewage water?

1432
01:19:24,865 --> 01:19:27,040
Oh.

1433
01:19:27,040 --> 01:19:30,353
Can I taste it?

1434
01:19:30,353 --> 01:19:32,390
>> So, will you drink it?

1435
01:19:32,390 --> 01:19:33,494
>> Yeah, no.

1436
01:19:33,494 --> 01:19:36,601
>> I'd do anything once
because I'm curious.

1437
01:19:36,601 --> 01:19:39,742
>> This better be okay.

1438
01:19:39,742 --> 01:19:44,057
>> The more you see that
something is widely done,

1439
01:19:44,057 --> 01:19:47,922
the more acceptable it becomes.

1440
01:19:47,922 --> 01:19:48,544
>> Taste good?

1441
01:19:48,544 --> 01:19:49,234
>> Taste great.

1442
01:19:49,234 --> 01:19:50,373
>> Taste like tap water.

1443
01:19:50,373 --> 01:19:51,512
>> Cleaner than tap water.

1444
01:19:51,512 --> 01:19:54,239
>> Purified sewage water
is actually really good.

1445
01:19:54,239 --> 01:19:56,034
>> I might get over it.

1446
01:19:56,034 --> 01:19:59,072
>> Even though the majority
of people might accept it,

1447
01:19:59,072 --> 01:20:00,659
some people might not.

1448
01:20:00,659 --> 01:20:04,732
>> No chance that I'm going to
drink sewage water whatsoever.

1449
01:20:04,732 --> 01:20:05,975
>> Disgusting.

1450
01:20:05,975 --> 01:20:08,736
>> I want to pour it out
right here, maybe on you.

1451
01:20:08,736 --> 01:20:11,498
>> If we need to recycle sewage
water, that must mean we're

1452
01:20:11,498 --> 01:20:14,949
in some sort of shortage
that I'm not aware of.

1453
01:20:14,949 --> 01:20:16,882
>> To be completely honest this
whole issue just doesn't seem

1454
01:20:16,882 --> 01:20:19,195
like one that's that
important to me right now.

1455
01:20:19,195 --> 01:20:23,130
>> When I do that map
of -- from outer space,

1456
01:20:23,130 --> 01:20:27,410
there's a lot of water.

1457
01:20:27,410 --> 01:20:28,618
>> Oh.

1458
01:20:28,618 --> 01:20:32,174
>> People think that the
problem is merely drought

1459
01:20:32,174 --> 01:20:33,589
and that once the
drought is over,

1460
01:20:33,589 --> 01:20:37,213
we can go back to
business as usual.

1461
01:20:37,213 --> 01:20:40,837
It's the hydro-illogical cycle.

1462
01:20:40,837 --> 01:20:45,049
We humans have an infinite
capacity to deny reality,

1463
01:20:45,049 --> 01:20:49,053
to think that there's some
oasis out there somewhere

1464
01:20:49,053 --> 01:20:52,435
that we can go to
get more water.

1465
01:20:52,435 --> 01:20:55,714
Tow an iceberg from the
Arctic or divert a river

1466
01:20:55,714 --> 01:20:57,647
from British Columbia.

1467
01:20:57,647 --> 01:20:59,615
>> NASA said, today,
a significant source

1468
01:20:59,615 --> 01:21:02,204
of water was found when it
deliberately crushed a rocket

1469
01:21:02,204 --> 01:21:04,206
into the lunar surface
last month.

1470
01:21:04,206 --> 01:21:06,484
>> We could get moon water,
just think about that.

1471
01:21:06,484 --> 01:21:08,762
I mean, nobody has
touched this stuff.

1472
01:21:08,762 --> 01:21:09,970
Moon water would be, mwah.

1473
01:21:09,970 --> 01:21:13,353
>> I'm sure they can
treat the ocean water.

1474
01:21:13,353 --> 01:21:16,977
>> The de-saltation
of the ocean.

1475
01:21:16,977 --> 01:21:19,048
>> Of all the things
that people ask me about,

1476
01:21:19,048 --> 01:21:21,430
the most common thing
is desalination.

1477
01:21:21,430 --> 01:21:24,881
>> Two-thirds of the earth is
covered by water and it seems

1478
01:21:24,881 --> 01:21:26,504
like that's the obvious
solution.

1479
01:21:26,504 --> 01:21:29,886
>> Desalination is the
most expensive source

1480
01:21:29,886 --> 01:21:34,477
of water we have, at leaves
behind it a concentrated brine.

1481
01:21:34,477 --> 01:21:39,137
It's not quite like spent
nuclear fuel but it's close.

1482
01:21:39,137 --> 01:21:41,450
>> Because it's so
energy-intensive,

1483
01:21:41,450 --> 01:21:44,901
it produces huge quantities
of greenhouse gases.

1484
01:21:44,901 --> 01:21:51,425
>> There are more than
14,000 desalination plants

1485
01:21:51,425 --> 01:21:52,426
around the world.

1486
01:21:52,426 --> 01:21:55,740
>> The idea that
desalination is going

1487
01:21:55,740 --> 01:21:58,191
to solve all our
problems is a myth.

1488
01:21:58,191 --> 01:22:01,539
There's no reason to
build desalination

1489
01:22:01,539 --> 01:22:03,161
if you haven't done
the conservation

1490
01:22:03,161 --> 01:22:05,750
and efficiency that's cheaper.

1491
01:22:05,750 --> 01:22:08,856
Let's wash our clothes
with efficient fixtures.

1492
01:22:08,856 --> 01:22:10,755
Let's think about how
to do what we want

1493
01:22:10,755 --> 01:22:15,863
as efficiently as possible.

1494
01:22:15,863 --> 01:22:17,210
There's enormous potential

1495
01:22:17,210 --> 01:22:20,005
to do much more especially
in agriculture.

1496
01:22:20,005 --> 01:22:23,216
We could grow as much
food as we're growing now

1497
01:22:23,216 --> 01:22:24,355
with a lot less water.

1498
01:22:24,355 --> 01:22:27,116
>> Conservation is important

1499
01:22:27,116 --> 01:22:30,775
but is this crisis something
we can conserve our way out of?

1500
01:22:30,775 --> 01:22:33,709
>> That's a deep -- so that's
a deep thought question.

1501
01:22:33,709 --> 01:22:37,230
So let me give it 10
seconds of deep thought

1502
01:22:37,230 --> 01:22:39,508
because I've thought about it
-- I've thought about it myself

1503
01:22:39,508 --> 01:22:41,855
and you know, I think
the answer is no.

1504
01:22:41,855 --> 01:22:47,895
We have to couple the water
picture that we see now

1505
01:22:47,895 --> 01:22:52,245
with population growth,
when there's more people

1506
01:22:52,245 --> 01:22:55,282
and there's no more water
coming from the Sierras

1507
01:22:55,282 --> 01:22:57,319
and the Colorado River Basin.

1508
01:22:57,319 --> 01:23:01,461
What exactly are we going to do?

1509
01:23:01,461 --> 01:23:04,084
>> Right now, we're hovering
under 7 billion people

1510
01:23:04,084 --> 01:23:10,780
and there's about 211,000
more people added every day.

1511
01:23:10,780 --> 01:23:13,266
That's the size of the city

1512
01:23:13,266 --> 01:23:15,958
where I'm from, Irvine,
California.

1513
01:23:15,958 --> 01:23:20,273
Imagine a new Irvine popping
up on the map every day?

1514
01:23:20,273 --> 01:23:23,517
Project that out
10 years, 20 years.

1515
01:23:23,517 --> 01:23:26,831
Where is that water
going to come from?

1516
01:23:26,831 --> 01:23:29,316
It is not just the Sierras
that are losing snow pack,

1517
01:23:29,316 --> 01:23:34,079
it's the Rocky Mountains, it's
the Alps, it's the Himalayas.

1518
01:23:34,079 --> 01:23:37,290
What will happen to the 2
billion people that live

1519
01:23:37,290 --> 01:23:41,466
in that region when their
waster source disappears?

1520
01:23:41,466 --> 01:23:45,712
>> An infinitely growing
population cannot be satisfied

1521
01:23:45,712 --> 01:23:49,371
with a finite amount of
water on this planet.

1522
01:23:49,371 --> 01:23:51,580
I do worry that we're
going to see more

1523
01:23:51,580 --> 01:23:53,961
and more conflict over water.

1524
01:23:53,961 --> 01:23:55,239
>> One person has been killed

1525
01:23:55,239 --> 01:23:58,034
in the beach battle
over water in Mumbai.

1526
01:23:58,034 --> 01:24:01,417
>> The government here has
recorded 5,000 water conflicts

1527
01:24:01,417 --> 01:24:03,212
in this one province,

1528
01:24:03,212 --> 01:24:05,594
50 are serious enough
to end in violence.

1529
01:24:05,594 --> 01:24:07,492
>> In Brazil, tension
turned to violence

1530
01:24:07,492 --> 01:24:10,081
to protest the multibillion
dollar dam.

1531
01:24:10,081 --> 01:24:13,567
>> These water tensions
could lead to a water war

1532
01:24:13,567 --> 01:24:16,329
in the Middle East,
a doomsday scenario.

1533
01:24:16,329 --> 01:24:19,608
>> When I first got involved
academically in water resources,

1534
01:24:19,608 --> 01:24:23,543
people were generally
talking about water wars.

1535
01:24:23,543 --> 01:24:27,167
There's no question that water
causes potential disputes all

1536
01:24:27,167 --> 01:24:28,548
over the world.

1537
01:24:28,548 --> 01:24:31,585
>> Islamabad blames New Delhi of
stealing its water leading many

1538
01:24:31,585 --> 01:24:35,624
to force the fourth war
between two countries.

1539
01:24:35,624 --> 01:24:37,936
>> When we say there's
going to be war,

1540
01:24:37,936 --> 01:24:41,492
now I want to know
what the evidence is.

1541
01:24:41,492 --> 01:24:43,908
We did a study where we
actually looked at all

1542
01:24:43,908 --> 01:24:47,221
of the documented
disputes over 50 years,

1543
01:24:47,221 --> 01:24:49,500
there were actually 1800,

1544
01:24:49,500 --> 01:24:51,433
of those two-thirds
are cooperative,

1545
01:24:51,433 --> 01:24:55,299
very little actual violence and
no wars in the last 50 years.

1546
01:24:55,299 --> 01:24:56,955
>> I was absolutely surprised.

1547
01:24:56,955 --> 01:24:59,372
I was kind of seduced by
the water war's argument.

1548
01:24:59,372 --> 01:25:00,752
It was very exciting.

1549
01:25:00,752 --> 01:25:04,411
I mean, well, I'm involved in an
issue that leads people to war.

1550
01:25:04,411 --> 01:25:08,588
Well, no, but I'm involved in
an issue that brings people

1551
01:25:08,588 --> 01:25:10,728
in the room to talk about peace.

1552
01:25:10,728 --> 01:25:13,938
Everywhere, at all
scales, water is brought,

1553
01:25:13,938 --> 01:25:16,423
people you wouldn't think to
would be in the same room,

1554
01:25:16,423 --> 01:25:19,046
into the same room to think
about their shared futures.

1555
01:25:19,046 --> 01:25:25,018
>> We look around the United
States when we see competition

1556
01:25:25,018 --> 01:25:27,538
between ranchers
and endangered fish.

1557
01:25:27,538 --> 01:25:30,368
We need to be looking to
our friends around the world

1558
01:25:30,368 --> 01:25:33,129
for how they've coped with
crisis that are orders

1559
01:25:33,129 --> 01:25:38,376
of magnitude worse than ours.

1560
01:25:38,376 --> 01:25:43,036
>> Even during war, water
committees used to meet.

1561
01:25:43,036 --> 01:25:44,175
>> Throughout The Intifada.

1562
01:25:44,175 --> 01:25:46,557
>> Okay. Then throughout
The Intifada and even

1563
01:25:46,557 --> 01:25:49,111
between the Jordanians
and Israelis before.

1564
01:25:49,111 --> 01:25:49,905
So --

1565
01:25:49,905 --> 01:25:51,147
>> Before the Peace Treaty.

1566
01:25:51,147 --> 01:25:53,771
>> It's not that, you know,
if there's a conflict,

1567
01:25:53,771 --> 01:25:56,118
there must be war over water,

1568
01:25:56,118 --> 01:25:58,603
but you will see it
the other way around.

1569
01:25:58,603 --> 01:26:04,575
People meeting secretly to
really solve their differences.

1570
01:26:04,575 --> 01:26:07,681
>> Friends of the Earth Middle
East is the only regional

1571
01:26:07,681 --> 01:26:10,857
organization, very
sadly, that exists.

1572
01:26:10,857 --> 01:26:15,413
There is no other organization
that brings together Israelis,

1573
01:26:15,413 --> 01:26:20,694
Palestinians, Jordanians as
one organization in any field.

1574
01:26:49,343 --> 01:26:54,003
>> You will always have problems
when you are living in a castle

1575
01:26:54,003 --> 01:26:56,109
and your neighbor
is in a cottage.

1576
01:26:56,109 --> 01:27:03,012
When the Israelis enjoy
waters 24/7, in Jordan,

1577
01:27:03,012 --> 01:27:07,465
it's one day per week, and in
Palestine, they'll be lucky

1578
01:27:07,465 --> 01:27:10,675
if they get it one day per week.

1579
01:27:42,535 --> 01:27:47,540
>> You cannot stop a bird from
flying across a certain border.

1580
01:27:47,540 --> 01:27:52,959
You cannot stop water to flow,
you know, across borders.

1581
01:27:52,959 --> 01:27:55,858
>> The demise of the Jordan
River is very much connected

1582
01:27:55,858 --> 01:27:57,860
to the conflict.

1583
01:27:57,860 --> 01:28:01,415
Only 2 percent of the
historical flow is left

1584
01:28:01,415 --> 01:28:09,423
in the so-called mighty Jordan.

1585
01:28:09,423 --> 01:28:12,737
>> How
deep is that river?

1586
01:28:12,737 --> 01:28:15,429
How deep is that river?

1587
01:28:15,429 --> 01:28:19,261
I don't want to know
where it's coming from.

1588
01:28:19,261 --> 01:28:23,023
I don't need to know
where it's going to.

1589
01:28:23,023 --> 01:28:30,479
Before I place my trust in you,
I just want to know, how deep?

1590
01:28:30,479 --> 01:28:36,036
>> Christians say Jesus
was baptized in that river.

1591
01:28:36,036 --> 01:28:40,316
The Jewish, they looked upon the
promise land across the river.

1592
01:28:40,316 --> 01:28:42,491
The Muslims, so many

1593
01:28:42,491 --> 01:28:45,977
of the Prophet Muhammad
companions are buried

1594
01:28:45,977 --> 01:28:48,704
by the banks of the river.

1595
01:28:48,704 --> 01:28:52,121
Every single heavenly
religion talked about water.

1596
01:28:52,121 --> 01:28:56,643
>> I don't
need to know if it's safe

1597
01:28:56,643 --> 01:29:00,060
to swim before I
put my trust in Him.

1598
01:29:00,060 --> 01:29:03,512
I just want to know, how deep?

1599
01:29:04,617 --> 01:29:06,515
>> Half of these people
I baptized at Lake Mead

1600
01:29:06,515 --> 01:29:08,828
and they've traveled from Las
Vegas all the way over here.

1601
01:29:08,828 --> 01:29:10,692
It's just magnificent.

1602
01:29:10,692 --> 01:29:11,934
>> It is holy water.

1603
01:29:11,934 --> 01:29:16,836
I was baptized as a baby
but that was just a symbol.

1604
01:29:16,836 --> 01:29:19,252
This is real.

1605
01:29:19,252 --> 01:29:24,533
>> Yardenit was created
because it's the only site left

1606
01:29:24,533 --> 01:29:27,225
where there is real
fresh water flowing

1607
01:29:27,225 --> 01:29:31,989
in that three kilometer
stretch of the Jordan River.

1608
01:29:31,989 --> 01:29:37,684
The legend tells us that the
real baptism of Christ is here.

1609
01:29:42,586 --> 01:29:46,693
Here, there has been pollution
released from hundreds

1610
01:29:46,693 --> 01:29:50,145
of thousands of residents,
Palestinian, Jordanian,

1611
01:29:50,145 --> 01:29:56,427
and Israeli that
live along its banks.

1612
01:29:56,427 --> 01:29:58,774
>> I wouldn't go into this
water knowing what we know.

1613
01:29:58,774 --> 01:30:06,195
It's really unbelievable
what we have done

1614
01:30:06,195 --> 01:30:14,790
to a river holy to
half of humanity.

1615
01:30:14,790 --> 01:30:18,380
What we
see here is the raw sewage

1616
01:30:18,380 --> 01:30:22,039
of some 50,000 Israeli
residents around the Sea

1617
01:30:22,039 --> 01:30:24,904
of Galilee dumped here.

1618
01:30:24,904 --> 01:30:28,562
>> They're people, especially,
they're really just a Christian.

1619
01:30:28,562 --> 01:30:31,013
They don't know that
this is the water

1620
01:30:31,013 --> 01:30:34,603
that goes to the baptism site.

1621
01:30:34,603 --> 01:30:38,849
Imagine then if the people knew.

1622
01:30:38,849 --> 01:30:41,437
>> On water, we must cooperate.

1623
01:30:41,437 --> 01:30:45,338
It's not an issue of doing
a favor to the other side.

1624
01:30:45,338 --> 01:30:48,203
It's an issue of
self-interest and the fact

1625
01:30:48,203 --> 01:30:52,103
that the water resources is
shared makes it mutual interest.

1626
01:30:52,103 --> 01:30:53,829
>> Let's go, let's go.

1627
01:30:53,829 --> 01:30:56,452
Okay.

1628
01:30:56,452 --> 01:30:59,904
>> We've been able to call out
to our decision makers to speak

1629
01:30:59,904 --> 01:31:03,736
in our respective parliaments
that this is unacceptable.

1630
01:31:03,736 --> 01:31:07,981
>> There're certain issues that
cannot wait for the politicians

1631
01:31:07,981 --> 01:31:10,466
to solve their differences
and then look

1632
01:31:10,466 --> 01:31:12,399
at the water situation.

1633
01:31:12,399 --> 01:31:14,505
>> By the end of next year,

1634
01:31:14,505 --> 01:31:18,889
there will be no raw sewage
emitted from the Israeli side.

1635
01:31:18,889 --> 01:31:22,306
>> Next, we still need to
continue pushing the Jordanian

1636
01:31:22,306 --> 01:31:26,551
and the Palestinian authority
to further build sewage systems.

1637
01:31:26,551 --> 01:31:30,038
This is the -- just
the beginning.

1638
01:31:30,038 --> 01:31:36,492
>> Being in the Middle East,
if you are not optimistic,

1639
01:31:36,492 --> 01:31:40,048
you will have a heart attack.

1640
01:31:40,048 --> 01:31:41,843
>> Know
how to cross it yet.

1641
01:31:41,843 --> 01:31:48,125
Before I get my spirit wet,
I just want to know how deep.

1642
01:31:48,125 --> 01:31:52,163
>> The worst case scenario
basin is the Jordan Basin.

1643
01:31:52,163 --> 01:31:55,960
If the Jordan can work out their
water crisis in the absence

1644
01:31:55,960 --> 01:31:58,169
of violence, certainly,
California can.

1645
01:31:58,169 --> 01:32:00,447
Certainly, other basins
around the world can.

1646
01:32:00,447 --> 01:32:04,175
>> I don't want to
know if it's yours or mine,

1647
01:32:04,175 --> 01:32:08,732
I just want to know how deep.

1648
01:32:15,980 --> 01:32:19,673
>> There's no doubt
that humanity is capable

1649
01:32:19,673 --> 01:32:21,710
of screwing things up.

1650
01:32:21,710 --> 01:32:24,057
There's also no doubt in
my mind that we're capable

1651
01:32:24,057 --> 01:32:26,059
of fixing things when
what we're screwing

1652
01:32:26,059 --> 01:32:27,681
up is really important to us.

1653
01:32:27,681 --> 01:32:32,100
The more we know, the
more likely we are

1654
01:32:32,100 --> 01:32:34,136
to do the right things.

1655
01:32:34,136 --> 01:32:40,522
And in the end, we -- you do
what you can and you trust

1656
01:32:40,522 --> 01:32:46,493
in the ability of
people to learn.

1657
01:32:46,493 --> 01:32:49,807
>> Porcelain Springs, water

1658
01:32:49,807 --> 01:32:52,706
from the most peaceful
place on earth.

1659
01:33:07,238 --> 01:33:12,623
>> It's going to be about
Western survival and we'll want

1660
01:33:12,623 --> 01:33:16,765
to fight but we can't.

1661
01:33:16,765 --> 01:33:19,733
We can't afford that war.

1662
01:33:26,637 --> 01:33:32,367
>> It is not clear to me that
we can reverse this situation.

1663
01:33:32,367 --> 01:33:40,685
But we certainly are not going
to be reversing climate change.

1664
01:33:40,685 --> 01:33:44,689
We can take steps to ensure

1665
01:33:44,689 --> 01:33:47,692
that there's a sustainable
water supply

1666
01:33:47,692 --> 01:33:51,731
over a much longer
period of time.

1667
01:33:51,731 --> 01:33:55,183
It's not a solvable problem but
it's truly a manageable problem.

1668
01:33:55,183 --> 01:33:59,394
But we need to start
addressing it now.

1669
01:33:59,394 --> 01:34:00,429
>> I tell people all the time,

1670
01:34:00,429 --> 01:34:03,501
I'm still a little
boy who likes frogs.

1671
01:34:03,501 --> 01:34:08,644
We're losing species faster
than we ever have before.

1672
01:34:08,644 --> 01:34:09,680
We think that we're
here forever,

1673
01:34:09,680 --> 01:34:12,165
but all species go extinct.

1674
01:34:12,165 --> 01:34:15,755
But that doesn't mean we have
to speed along and continue

1675
01:34:15,755 --> 01:34:17,722
on track the way
that we are doing.

1676
01:34:31,736 --> 01:34:35,395
>> This isn't going to
be resolved tomorrow.

1677
01:34:35,395 --> 01:34:36,949
It's just not.

1678
01:34:36,949 --> 01:34:40,745
But, look what you have done.

1679
01:34:40,745 --> 01:34:44,473
The EPA, they are going
to finally set a standard

1680
01:34:44,473 --> 01:34:49,547
for hexavalent chromium
in drinking water.

1681
01:34:49,547 --> 01:34:57,486
So, we've made some progress.

1682
01:34:57,486 --> 01:35:00,731
>> I got a phone call, a
lady on the other end says,

1683
01:35:00,731 --> 01:35:03,561
"Congratulations Lynn,
you've been chosen to --

1684
01:35:03,561 --> 01:35:06,426
for the Goldman Prize,"
and I was kind of,

1685
01:35:06,426 --> 01:35:09,119
"Yeah, right," you know?

1686
01:35:09,119 --> 01:35:13,019
So, I looked it up and I'm
like, "Wow, they do exist!"

1687
01:35:13,019 --> 01:35:18,300
I mean I've been on a plane
once in my life and it was

1688
01:35:18,300 --> 01:35:21,165
like being Dorothy
on the Wizard of Oz.

1689
01:35:21,165 --> 01:35:26,584
When I went to reach to shake
his hand, he says, "Hi Lynn."

1690
01:35:26,584 --> 01:35:29,346
>> Did you kiss the President?

1691
01:35:29,346 --> 01:35:30,209
>> He kissed me.

1692
01:35:35,283 --> 01:35:37,423
>> I wonder how many of
these people when we started

1693
01:35:37,423 --> 01:35:40,736
out 10 years ago said we're
just wasting our time.

1694
01:35:40,736 --> 01:35:43,601
I wonder what they're
thinking now.

1695
01:35:43,601 --> 01:35:45,776
>> My two-year-old
granddaughter deserves

1696
01:35:45,776 --> 01:35:47,053
to grow up in a clean world.

1697
01:35:47,053 --> 01:35:50,746
I hope you'll join
me at our fight.

1698
01:35:58,030 --> 01:36:04,588
>> When you see it all at once,
that becomes the eye opener.

1699
01:36:04,588 --> 01:36:07,798
There's a common agenda for
all of us, for every walk

1700
01:36:07,798 --> 01:36:13,390
of life and that's water.

1701
01:36:13,390 --> 01:36:16,393
We might find ourselves
in a pivotal moment here

1702
01:36:16,393 --> 01:36:18,395
where we can do the right thing.

1703
01:36:18,395 --> 01:36:22,675
I always felt hopeful
that things work

1704
01:36:22,675 --> 01:36:27,128
out where everything
converges at once.

1705
01:36:27,128 --> 01:36:30,717
Maybe that moment
is happening now.

1706
01:36:46,492 --> 01:36:56,812
>> Time, reverse
and rewind, erase and revise,

1707
01:36:56,812 --> 01:37:02,715
and try to start again.

1708
01:37:02,715 --> 01:37:07,202
You, don't you turn this around.

1709
01:37:07,202 --> 01:37:16,384
I have not touched the ground
in I don't know how long.

1710
01:37:16,384 --> 01:37:20,353
You say to

1711
01:37:20,353 --> 01:37:24,461
walk it back,

1712
01:37:24,461 --> 01:37:28,568
walk it back,

1713
01:37:28,568 --> 01:37:33,711
walk it back.

1714
01:37:33,711 --> 01:37:37,819
Time,

1715
01:37:37,819 --> 01:37:41,961
time,

1716
01:37:41,961 --> 01:37:48,485
time, it cannot abide.

1717
01:37:48,485 --> 01:37:51,350
You,

1718
01:37:51,350 --> 01:37:54,698
you can't turn away,

1719
01:37:54,698 --> 01:37:57,183
you've asked me to stay

1720
01:37:57,183 --> 01:38:03,258
but something needs to change.

1721
01:38:03,258 --> 01:38:07,504
Why can't you?

1722
01:38:07,504 --> 01:38:11,611
Walk it back.

1723
01:38:11,611 --> 01:38:15,684
Walk it back.

1724
01:38:15,684 --> 01:38:20,827
Walk it back.

1725
01:38:20,827 --> 01:38:23,796
Time,

1726
01:38:23,796 --> 01:38:27,765
reverse and rewind,

1727
01:38:27,765 --> 01:38:31,217
erase and revise,

1728
01:38:31,217 --> 01:38:35,532
and try to start again.

1729
01:38:35,532 --> 01:38:37,499
You,

1730
01:38:37,499 --> 01:38:41,572
don't you turn this around.

1731
01:38:41,572 --> 01:38:50,754
I have not touched the ground
in I don't know how long.

1732
01:38:50,754 --> 01:38:54,620
You say to

1733
01:38:54,620 --> 01:38:58,796
walk it back,

1734
01:38:58,796 --> 01:39:02,973
walk it back,

1735
01:39:02,973 --> 01:39:04,664
walk it back.